Biodegradable Polyamides Based on 4,4′-Spirobibutyrolactone

Vanderbilt, David P.; English, James P.; Fleming, Glenda L.; McNeely, G. W.; Cowsar, Donald R.; Dunn, Richard L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0768-4_26

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The appearance of the carbonyl stretching found at a high wavenumber and hydroxyl group absorptions were attributed to the esterification of the epoxide with γ-carboxylic acids as most of amino acids exist as inactive species at 180 °C [ 22 ]. The C=O stretch at 1692 cm −1 likely corresponds to amide I of the 5-membered lactam bonds produced by the internal cyclization of Glu with a few γ-carboxylic acids that did not react with epoxy groups, which is a well-known transformation of Glu under high temperature [ 20 , 34 ]. The epoxy conversion of EGS-1 at 180 °C was slightly higher than that of EG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Mechanism of the Epoxy-Glutamic Acid Reaction with Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu Solder Powder for Electrical Joining

et al. 2021

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An epoxy-based solder paste (ESP) is a promising alternative to conventional solder pastes to improve the reliability of fine-pitch electrical joining because the epoxy encapsulates the solder joint. However, development of an appropriate epoxy formulation and investigation of its reaction mechanism with solder powder is challenging. In this study, we demonstrate a newly designed ESP consisting of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) resin, Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu (SAC305) solder powder, and L-glutamic acid (Glu), which is a proteinogenic amino acid for biosynthesis of proteins in living systems. The mechanism of the thermochemical reaction was explored and tentatively proposed, which reveals that the products of the reaction between SAC305 and Glu function as catalysts for the etherification of epoxides and alcohols produced by chemical bonding between DGEBF and Glu, consequently leading to highly crosslinked polymeric networks and an enhancement of impact resistance. Our findings provide further insight into the mechanism of the reaction between various formulations comprising an epoxy, amino acid, and solder powder, and their potential use as ESPs for electrical joining.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Mechanism of the Epoxy-Glutamic Acid Reaction with Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu Solder Powder for Electrical Joining

et al. 2021

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“…It is also the area where the kinetics of the degradation processes have been most widely studied. Though several classes of biodegradable synthetic polymers have been developed, including polyamides based on 4, 4 -spirobibutyrolactone [13] and poly(hydroxylalkanoates), it is the poly(α-esters) that have been most widely utilized for biomedical applications. Let us look at a specific example of synthetic polymers for resorbable suture material.…”

Section: Biological Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Processes in Materials

Mitchell

2003

An Introduction to Materials Engineering and Science

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Thermodynamics tells us whether or not a process is favorable; kinetics tells us how quickly that process will take place. The rate at which chemical and biological processes occur is of tantamount importance in many instances. For example, we all know that an exposed piece of iron will rust (oxidize) over time, but is this important if the piece will only be used once in the near future?There are three categories of kinetic processes that are of concern to us: the rate at which materials are formed, the rate at which they are transformed, and the rate at which they decompose. In general, formation and decomposition are chemical processes, involving the reaction of two or more chemical species. Transformations, on the other hand, are usually physical processes, such as the melting of ice, and do not involve chemical reaction. We can also have situations in which both physical and chemical kinetic processes occur simultaneously. In all cases, our goal is to be able to describe the rate at which the process is occurring. There are two important concepts that help us accomplish our task: the thermodynamic concept of free energy, G; and a related quantity called the activation energy, E a . We will introduce these concepts and then see how one, or both, of them can be modified to help determine the rate of processes in the formation, transformation, and decomposition of different materials.By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:ž Apply the law of mass action to a reaction to determine the equilibrium constant at a specified temperature. ž Calculate the activation energy and preexponential factor from kinetic data. ž Identify the dimensionality and calculate rates of a nucleation and growth process from kinetic data. ž Distinguish between the different types of corrosion in all material classes. ž Calculate the EMF of a galvanic cell from the half-cell potentials. ž Use the Nernst equation to calculate the potential of a half-cell not at unit activity. ž Distinguish between activation and concentration polarization. ž Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation processes. ž Distinguish between stepwise and radical chain polymerizations.

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