Biocomposite Fabrication from Enzymatically Treated Nanocellulosic Fibers and Recycled Polylactic Acid

Abstract

Recycled polylactic acid (PLAr) was reinforced with treated nanocellulosic hemp fibers for biocomposite fabrication. Cellulosic fibers were extracted from hemp fibers chemically and treated enzymatically. Treated nanocellulosic fibers (NCF) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Biocomposite fabrication was done with PLAr and three concentrations of treated NCF (0.1%, 0.25%, and 1% (v/v)) and then studied for thermal stability and mechanical properties. Increased thermal stability was observed with increasing NCF concentrations. The highest value for Young’s modulus was for PLAr + 0.25% (v/v) NCF (250.28 ± 5.47 MPa), which was significantly increased compared to PLAr (p = 0.022). There was a significant decrease in the tensile stress at break point for PLAr + 0.25% (v/v) NCF and PLAr + 1% (v/v) NCF as compared to control (p = 0.006 and 0.002, respectively). No significant difference was observed between treatments for tensile stress at yield.

Sustainability Outcomes of Green Processes in Relation to Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing: Systematic Review

“…Nanocellulosic fibers [274], nano-tubes and nano-cells [275], phytotechnologies [276], oxidation usage, bioremediation [277], bio-plastic production [278], calcium loopingn [279], polymers, thermochemical conversion [280], ozone-based technologies [281], enzymology [282], anaerobic processes, new catalysts [283], membrane reactors [284], improved electrolysis, 2-stage crystallization [285], QSL lead production [286], olefin optimization [287], thermal depolymerization [288], bioreactor [289], biofiltration [290], artificial photosynthesis, ionic liquids [291].…”