Biocompatible nanoreactors of catalase and nanozymes for anticancer therapeutics

Abstract

Significant progress has laid the groundwork in understanding the fundamental role of catalase enzyme and catalase-like nanozymes, notably with the emergence of nano-bioreactors which are promoting nanomaterials-based antitumor therapeutic strategies. The radiotherapy techniques such as photodynamic, photothermal, photoacoustic and along with chemotherapy are extensively used for interrupting microenvironment by exerting to locally applied ionizingradiations. Nevertheless, tumor therapy not only deficient in therapeutic efficiency for various solid tumors but also alerts significant side effects. The convergence of nano-bioreactor driven catalase delivery at the lysosome of tumor cells with photodynamic therapy (PDT) tool along with the engineered catalase-like nanozymes enable outstanding efficacy of radiotherapy for in vivo target specific cell population. Herein, the state of the art of catalase delivering nano-bioreactors that activate the catalase delivery in tumor microenvironment (TME) are reviewed. This was linked with the functional mimic catalase-like engineered nanozymes for improving the challenges in the TME for a widerange of cell lines in vivo. Such nanoarchitecture-based strategies of catalase and synthetic nanozymes include lysosomal upregulation of H 2 O 2 in TME, image-based probing, and mechanism of catalase action for reactive oxygen species generation which are likely to amplify efficiency of cancer therapy.

Oxygen-generating biocatalytic nanomaterials for tumor hypoxia relief in cancer radiotherapy

“…90 As mentioned above, many nanotechnologies have been used to improve the stability of CAT to ensure oxygen production efficiency. 51 Currently, various carriers, such as liposomes and soluble polysaccharides, have also been used to catalyze oxygen production for RT to improve CAT activity. In a more recent study by Wu et al , even bacteria were used as carriers to protect CAT.…”

“…and inorganic nanomaterials (silica, carbon, metal-based nanostructures, etc.). 51 Currently, CAT-loaded BCNs are also used in the studies of tumor therapy in RT (Table 1). For example, Chen et al designed a GdW 10 @PDA-CAT (polydopamine, PDA) composite as a radiosensitizer for tumor microenvironment (TME)-regulated RT enhancement.…”

Metal Nanozymes: New Horizons in Cellular Homeostasis Regulation

“…The additional value of combining X-ray irradiation with MOF-NP joined with radiosensitizer and prospects is a versatile approach to solving hypoxic tumors' critical radioresistance The presented study revealed that MOF NPs could be used not only for cancer diagnosis but also for cancer therapy, especially when radiosensitizers are at MOF NPs. The additional value of combining X-ray irradiation with MOF-NP joined with radiosensitizer and prospects is a versatile approach to solving hypoxic tumors' critical radioresistance issue [222].…”

Oxygen‐Supplying Piezocatalytic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumors by Intratumoral Delivery of pH‐Responsive Multicompartmental Carriers with Sequential Drug Release Capability

“…[26,27] However, the low encapsulation efficiency of CAT in the carriers and non-targeted release of CAT have significantly limited the use of CAT-augmented ROS-based dynamic therapies for hypoxic tumors. [28] Therefore, developing drug carriers that can efficiently encapsulate both CAT and piezoelectric materials and selectively release each of them in target tumor cells is crucial to alleviating hypoxia and enhancing piezocatalytic therapy.…”