Metal Nanozymes: New Horizons in Cellular Homeostasis Regulation

Abstract

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) have found applications in various fields of medicine, industry, and environmental protection. This review discusses the use of nanozymes in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. We also review the latest biomedical applications of nanozymes related to their use in cellular redox status modification and detection. We present how nanozymes enable biomedical advances and demonstrate basic design strategies to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions for developing nanozymes for applications in the regulation of the redox-dependent cellular processes and detection in the cellular redox state changes.

Biomedical applications of cerium vanadate nanoparticles: a review

“…The biocompatibility of CeVO 4 NPs is problematic, as they have been associated in vivo with immunological reactions and inflammation. 133,135 CeVO 4 NPs have limited solubility in aqueous media, which hinders their dispersion and interaction with biological molecules and cells. Scientists have investigated various techniques to increase their solubility, such as surface modification with hydrophilic ligands, functionalization with polymers or biomolecules, and coating with silica or other substances.…”

Potentiality of Nanoenzymes for Cancer Treatment and Other Diseases: Current Status and Future Challenges

“…It has been reported by Tremeland co-workers that the molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles can mimic sulfite oxidase for converting it into sulfate [103]. The high stability in water and serum led to the development of ultra-smallMoO 3 NPs (with 2 nm average diameter).…”

“…It has been reported that the molybdenum trioxidenanoparticles can mimic sulfite oxidase for converting it to sulfate beneath the terms of physiology. [103] Based on platinum Some research linked with PtNPs as the imitates of ferroxidase for oxidizing them were noted. Examples such as, Zhang, Knez, and collaborators used apoferritin which is a light chain as the platform for PtNPs to get ready.…”

A Highly Stable Graphene‐Based Metal Oxide Nano Enzyme with the Peroxidase‐Mimetic Activity for Equipment‐Free Diagnosis of Diabetic Patients

“…In recent decade, there has been considerable progress in developing various enzyme‐mimicking nanomaterials (nanozymes) that have overcome these disadvantages [2] . To date, a variety of peroxidase‐mimicking nanozymes such as noble metal nanoparticles, metallic oxides/sulfides, and carbon‐based ones, have been explored and proven to be excellent biomimetic catalysts utilized in biochemical analysis [3] . These nanozymes have been exploited to sense hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and every bioanalyte whose detection could be related to H 2 O 2 sensing.…”

“…[2] To date, a variety of peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes such as noble metal nanoparticles, metallic oxides/sulfides, and carbonbased ones, have been explored and proven to be excellent biomimetic catalysts utilized in biochemical analysis. [3] These nanozymes have been exploited to sense hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and every bioanalyte whose detection could be related to H 2 O 2 sensing. H 2 O 2 is one of the most important reactive oxygen species as it is the final product and by-product of various metabolic reactions and cellular respiration, playing a key role in determining the fate of cells and regulating the redox signaling.…”