Biocompatible Antibacterial Denim Fabric Prepared via Green Synthesis of the Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Raw Sugar Molasses

Abstract

Microbial susceptibility of the denim fabric sized by starch raises some skin health concerns about this extensively used fabric. In this work, biocompatible antibacterial denim fabric is prepared by optimized green synthesis of the copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) nanoparticles on the cotton fibers. The copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized without using any toxic chemical to reduce the copper salt. As an alternative, the waste of the sugar refinery factory, molasses, was used as eco-friendly and cost-efficient material. The antibacterial activity of the samples against Candida albicans as model fungus, Escherichia coli as Gram-negative, and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive model bacteria is investigated besides cytotoxicity; also, the synthesis process is optimized regarding the most biocompatible and antibacterial nanocomposite. The characterizations prove the effectiveness of the molasses for reduction of the copper salt and formation of the copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) nanoparticles. Synthesis of the copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) nanoparticles has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The results of this work introduce a green method for sustainable development of the fabric industry; it also presents a potential application for molasses and reutilizing it.

Preparation of Antibacterial Cellulose Fabric via Copper (II) Oxide and Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) Nanocomposite

“…The antibacterial activity of the samples is analogous to our previous research on the antibacterial efficiency of the nanocomposite of cotton fabric and cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O, copper (I) oxide) nanoparticles. [ 31 ]…”

“…[ 30 ] Recently cuprous oxide nanoparticles were synthesized on the cotton fabrics using raw sugar molasses as a green reductant and stablished perfect antibacterial activities and biocompatibility. [ 31 ] The synthesis of copper nanoparticles has utilized the charge compensatory effect of ionic liquid [bmim]BF4 in conjunction with ethylene glycol for providing electro‐steric stabilization to copper nanoparticles prepared from copper sulfate using hydrazine hydrate. [ 32 ] Plant extracts have been used to stabilize nanoparticles via green synthesis.…”

“…The advantages of plant and plant‐derived materials have interested researchers to investigate mechanisms of metal ions uptake and bio‐reduction and understanding the possible mechanism of metal nanoparticle formation in plants. [ 31,33 ]…”

In Situ Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Zinc Stannate Nanoparticles on Cotton Fabric

“…[ 9 ] Cellulose‐based fabrics provide flexibility and mechanical properties for nanomaterials to be deposited on them and to improve their accessibility and efficiency. [ 10 ]…”

“…[9] Cellulose-based fabrics provide flexibility and mechanical properties for nanomaterials to be deposited on them and to improve their accessibility and efficiency. [10] Cotton fibers are mostly made of cellulose and the percentage of cellulose in cotton fibers is higher than in wood structure. Cotton fibers have very favorable properties including high moisture absorption and satisfactory compatibility with human skin.…”