Biocompatibility of a High-Plasticity, Calcium Silicate-Based, Ready-to-Use Material

Abstract

The Bio-C Sealer is a recently developed high-plasticity, calcium-silicate-based, ready-to-use material. In the present study, chemical elements of the materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biocompatibility of the Bio-C Sealer was investigated using cytotoxicity tests and histological responses in the roots of dogs’ teeth. XRD, SEM, and FTIR produced hydrated calcium silicate in the presence of water molecules. In addition, FTIR showed the formation of calcium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol, a dispersing agent. The 1:4 dilutions of Bio-C Sealer presented weaker cytotoxicity than the Calcipex II in an in vitro system using the V-79 cell line. After 90 d, the periradicular tissue response of beagle dog roots was histologically evaluated. Absence of periradicular inflammation was reported in 17 of the 18 roots assessed with the Bio-C Sealer, whereas mature vertical periodontal ligament fibers were observed in the apical root ends filled with the Bio-C Sealer. Based on these results and previous investigations, the Bio-C Sealer is recommended as an effective root-end filling material. These results are relevant for clinicians considering the use of Bio-C Sealer for treating their patients.

An ultrasonic‐based experimental model to evaluate the setting time of endodontic sealers

“…The FTIR spectrum for the Bio‐C Sealer ® showed an increase in the relative intensity between the bands referring to the O–H bond, between 3100 and 3600 cm −1 , attributed to the formation of a by‐product, Ca(OH) 2 . The band referring to the C–H bond, between 2750 and 300 cm −1 , was characteristic of the dispersant polyethylene glycol (Grazziotin‐Soares et al, 2019; Okamura et al, 2020; Yazdi et al, 2019; Figure 3). For the ADA setting time, there was significantly higher variation in intensity than that observed for ultrasound setting time and mixing time.…”

“…This indicated that polymerization of the sealer had started shortly after its manipulation. In addition, the FTIR results showed a higher relative intensity of the bands referring to the O–H bond for ADA setting time when compared with the ultrasound setting time (Grazziotin‐Soares et al, 2019; Okamura et al, 2020; Yazdi et al, 2019). This suggested that in the ADA setting time, the reaction was in the acceleration period when the hydration rate was higher (Bishnoi & Scrivener, 2009).…”

Impact of Water Solubility on Chemical Composition and Surface Structure of Two Generations of Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers

“…The spectra of BC-HiFlow (Figure 2A,B) and BC-EndoSequence (Figure 2C,D) revealed similar composition of both BC-sealers with variable band intensity. They detected bands of calcium hydroxide ≈ 3640 cm −1 [11,[23][24][25][26], OH of absorbent water associated with hydration reaction of sealer ≈ 3400 cm −1 [24,25,27], C-H and OH-of organic filler (polyethylene glycol) at 2980-2800 and ≈ 1635 cm −1 [23,25,27], carbonate (CO 3 2− ) at 1420 and 874 cm −1 [23,24,28], phosphate bands of ν 3 PO 4 3− ≈ 1066 [27,29,30] and at 974 cm −1 [28], ν 4 PO 4 3− at 665 cm −1 [27,29,30], SiO 4 4− of calcium silicate incorporated with ν 3 PO 4 3− , calcite at 974 and 874 cm −1 , respectively [28,31], ν 4 SiO 4 ≈ 750 cm −1 , SiO 4 4− bending mode of tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) ≈ 570 cm −1 and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) at 502 and 494 cm −1 [25], Si-O-stretching mode of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) at 450 cm −1 [25,28,32].…”

“…The spectra of Adseal showed different composition. It detected intense bands of C=O of organic filler ≈ 1635 cm −1 [23,25] carbonate band (CO 3…”

“…2− ) at 1458 cm −1 , silicate group (Si-O) at 1113 cm −1 [25], phosphate bands (v 3 and v 4 PO) at 1035 and 680-560 cm −1 [30], respectively, and polymerized silicon (SiO) at 420 cm −1 [25], (Figure 2E,F).…”