Biochemical factors involved in vetch resistance toOrobanche aegyptiaca

Goldwasser, Yaakov; Hershenhorn, Joseph; Plakhine, Dina; Kleifeld, Y.; Rubin, Baruch

doi:10.1006/pmpp.1998.0191

Cited by 78 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, these phenolic compounds seem to be secreted to the external part of the root, affecting broomrape seedlings attached near a previous unsuccessful penetration attempt. This is not strange, because accumulation and secretion of phytoalexins against parasitic plants has been previously reported (Goldwasser et al, 1999;Serghini et al, 2001;Echevarría-Zomeñ o et al, 2006). The absence of dead host cells in this case, confirmed by the viability test, supports that this defensive mechanism is not a HR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Medicago truncatula as a Model for Nonhost Resistance in Legume-Parasitic Plant Interactions

et al. 2007

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Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is a root parasitic weed that represents a major constraint for grain legume production in Mediterranean and West Asian countries. Medicago truncatula has emerged as an important model plant species for structural and functional genomics. The close phylogenic relationship of M. truncatula with crop legumes increases its value as a resource for understanding resistance against Orobanche spp. Different cytological methods were used to study the mechanisms of resistance against crenate broomrape of two accessions of M. truncatula, showing early and late acting resistance. In the early resistance accession (SA27774) we found that the parasite died before a tubercle had formed. In the late resistance accession (SA4327) the parasite became attached without apparent problems to the host roots but most of the established tubercles turned dark and died before emergence. The results suggest that there are defensive mechanisms acting in both accessions but with a time gap that is crucial for a higher success avoiding parasite infection.Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is one of the most important parasitic plants attacking legume crops in Mediterranean area, devastating crops and making unusable infested land (Rubiales, 2001(Rubiales, , 2003Rubiales et al., 2002). Being a broomrape (Orobanche sp.), crenate broomrape is an obligate root holoparasite lacking in chlorophyll and depending entirely on the host for its supply of nutrients (Joel et al., 2007). The knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance against the parasite is crucial to develop strategies of control, like breeding for resistance. With this purpose, we have chosen Medicago truncatula as a crenate broomrape host model plant due to its characteristics.M. truncatula is an annual forage legume in the Mediterranean area. Contrary to other legume crops, M. truncatula is an autogamous self-fertile plant with a small and diploid genome, a short life cycle, and a prolific seed production (Blondon et al., 1994). Its simple genetics, the development of new tools and methods for molecular and genetic analysis, and the complete genome sequence (http://www.medicago.org) provide researchers with a valuable data set and making it interesting as a legume model species for laboratory studies (Cook et al., 1997;Cook, 1999) and also in pathogenic interactions (Ellwood et al., 2007; Pérez-de-Luque et al., 2007a).Nowadays, the most numerous and important works about parasitic plants were focused on the development in susceptible host, as Orobanche spp. (Joel and Losner-Goshen, 1994;Neumann et al., 1999), Striga spp. (Dörr, 1997;Reiss and Bailey, 1998), Cuscuta spp. (Vaughn, 2002(Vaughn, , 2003, Viscum spp. (Heide-Jørgensen, 1987), and others (Heide-Jørgensen and Kuijt, 1993, 1995). But little is known about the basis of host resistance to these parasites, just finding the work of Joel et al. (1996) introducing this subject. In the last years only some histological studies of the resistant interactions have been undertaken (Dörr et al., 199...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Medicago truncatula as a Model for Nonhost Resistance in Legume-Parasitic Plant Interactions

et al. 2007

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“…Popany) the activity was four-fold increased compared to the non-inoculated treatments (Goldwasser et al 1999). In addition, a sharp increase in free and bound phenolics was reported as well as an increase in lignin for resistant vetch, whereas only low increase in lignin and phenolics in response to infection were found for susceptible vetch (Goldwasser et al 1999). Interestingly, another study revealed that most of the Orobanche-pea (Pisum spp.)…”

Section: Biological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…These include an increase of peroxidase activity, lignification, and cell-wall phenolic deposition (Goldwasser et al 1999;Vieira Dos Santos et al 2003a). For example, among the genes induced after infection of A. thaliana by Orobanche ramose, a gene coding for a class III peroxidase was upregulated (Vieira Dos Santos et al 2003a).…”

Section: Biological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A timedependent increase of peroxidase activity was also reported in O. aegyptiaca-infected vetch (Vicia sativa cv. Yovel) plants (Goldwasser et al 1999). However, O. aegyptiaca inoculation resulted in a relatively small increase in the enzyme activity in roots of susceptible vetch plants, whereas in roots of resistant plants (Vicia atropurpurea Desf.…”

Section: Biological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peroxidases have more functions than a Swiss army knife

et al. 2005

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Plant peroxidases (class III peroxidases) are present in all land plants. They are members of a large multigenic family. Probably due to this high number of isoforms, and to a very heterogeneous regulation of their expression, plant peroxidases are involved in a broad range of physiological processes all along the plant life cycle. Due to two possible catalytic cycles, peroxidative and hydroxylic, peroxidases can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( • OH, HOO• ), polymerise cell wall compounds, and regulate H 2 O 2 levels. By modulating their activity and expression following internal and external stimuli, peroxidases are prevalent at every stage of plant growth, including the demands that the plant meets in stressful conditions. These multifunctional enzymes can build a rigid wall or produce ROS to make it more flexible; they can prevent biological and chemical attacks by raising physical barriers or by counterattacking with a large production of ROS; they can be involved in a more peaceful symbiosis. They are finally present from the first hours of a plant's life until its last moments. Although some functions look paradoxical, the whole process is probably regulated by a fine-tuning that has yet to be elucidated. This review will discuss the factors that can influence this delicate balance.Keywords Evolution . ROS . (abiotic and biotic) stress . Cell wall loosening and cross-linking . Senescence . Fruit ripening . Symbiosis Multigenic family, evolution and homologyHeme peroxidases specific to plants belong to a superfamily that contains three different classes of peroxidases Communicated by P. Kumar

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“…That is evident by the fact that many nonhost plants (such as cotton) also release. Thus, most stages of the parasite life showed a highly specific host-finding behavior and host specificity has been also determined at later stages following germination by other factors such as the haustorium-inducing factors, incompatibility reactions or the presence of toxic metabolites (Estabrook and Yoder, 1998;Goldwasser et al, 1999;Serghini et al, 2001). …”

Section: Host Finding and Orientation: The Key Role Of Strigolactonesmentioning

confidence: 99%