Biochemical, Biophysical, and Serological Homogeneity of<i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>

Plumb, John A.; Vinitnantharat, Somsak

doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0051:bbasho>2.3.co;2

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At 25°C the came more resistant due to improved osmolarity. Howfirst E. ictalurj associated death occurred on Day 8 post ever, Plumb & Vinitnantharat (1989) showed that E. ictemperature adjustment compared to Day 20 for fish taluri grows in culture media with 10 000 mg 1-' NaCl held at 18°C and Day 16 for fish adjusted to 30°C. The (equivalent to G000 mg I-' chloride), suggesting that the only brown blood disease problem (methemoglobichannel catfish benefit physiologically from the salt, nemia) occurred at 30°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and salt concentration on latent Edwardsiella ictaluri infections in channel catfish

Plumb¹,

Shoemaker²

1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, 10% of which had a natural, latent infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri, were held in water at 15 2°C. Following elevation of the water temperature to 25'C for 28 d, 77 % died with clinical E. ictaluri infections. This level of mortality was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than mortality attributable to E. ictalun' when the water temperature was raised to 18°C (10%) or to 30°C (23 %). Channel catfish naturally infected with E. ictaluri were exposed to 0. 100, 1000, 2000. and 3000 mg 1-' NaCl at 25OC for 28 d. Mortalities of channel catfish held in NaCl concentrations of 0 and 100 mg 1-' (100% and 96% respectively) were significantly higher than those held in NaCl concentrations of 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg 1-' (33, 43, and If %, respectively).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and salt concentration on latent Edwardsiella ictaluri infections in channel catfish

Plumb¹,

Shoemaker²

1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Another factor potentially affecting vaccine efficacy is antigenic variability among virulent isolates. Although E. ictaluri is for the most part considered a serologically homogenous species (Plumb and Vinitnantharat 1989;Bertolini et al 1990;Lobb et al 1993), recent evidence suggests isolates recovered from different host species and different geographical regions have variable genetic and antigenic profiles (Soto et al 2012;Hawke et al 2013;Rogge et al 2013). In addition, during cross-challenge studies, Channel Catfish immunized using a panel of E. ictaluri isolates did not exhibit uniform protection against all heterologous isolates used in the study .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Vaccination of Channel Catfish against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish Using a Live Attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri Isolate

et al. 2015

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Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, is the most problematic bacterial disease affecting catfish aquaculture in the southeastern United States. Efforts to develop an effective ESC vaccine have had limited industrial success. In commercial settings, ESC vaccines are typically administered by immersion when fry are transferred from the hatchery to rearing ponds. While this approach is a practical method of mass delivery, this strategy administers vaccines to very young fish, which lack a fully developed immune system. To circumvent this limitation, an oral vaccination strategy was evaluated as a means of immunizing catfish at the fingerling stage of production, when fish possess a more complete immune arsenal. A virulent E. ictaluri isolate (S97-773) was attenuated by successive passage on media containing increasing concentrations of rifamycin. In laboratory trials, cultured vaccine was diluted and mixed with feed (100 mL diluted vaccine/454 g feed). This mixture was then fed to Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings. Two separate dilutions of cultured vaccine (1:10 and 1:100) were used to create the vaccine-feed mixture, equating to estimated doses of 5 × 10⁷ and 5 × 10⁶ CFU/g of feed, respectively. After 30 d, catfish were exposed by immersion (1 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) to the virulent parental strain of E. ictaluri. The target dose (1:100 dilution, ∼5 × 10⁶ CFU/g of feed) offered exceptional protection (relative percent survival = 82.6-100%). In addition, negligible deaths occurred in fish vaccinated at 10 times the target dose (1:10 dilution, ∼5 × 10⁷ CFU/g of feed). In pond trials, antibody production increased 18-fold in orally vaccinated fish. When compared with nonvaccinated controls, vaccination significantly improved survival, feed fed, feed conversion, biomass produced, and total harvest. This research demonstrates Channel Catfish can be successfully immunized in a commercial setting against E. ictaluri with a single dose of an orally delivered, live attenuated, E. ictaluri vaccine.

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“…Of particular interest is vaccine development against the most significant pathogen of channel catfish, Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Because of the serological and biochemical homogeneity of E. ictaluri strains (Plumb and Vinitnantharat 1989) numerous researchers have evaluated killed bacterins for protection against ESC (Li and Love11 1985;Plumb and Wise 1986;Saeed and Plumb 1986;Vinitnantharat and Plumb 1992;Plumb and Vinitnantharat 1993;Vinitnantharat and Plumb 1993;Plumb et al 1994;Thune et al 1994;Ainsworth et al 1995). Results, however, are equivocal and difficult to compare because of a failure to control natural exposure to E. ictaluri in many of the studies, resulting in positive antibody titers in non-vaccinated fish.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Immersion, Immersion/Oral Combination and Injection Methods for the Vaccination of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Against Edwardsiella ictaluri

Thune

Collins

Penta

1997

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Abstract.— Four different vaccination regimes, including non‐vaccinated controls (C), immersion/oral combination (IO). late immersion (LI), and injection (IJ), were evaluated for antibody production and protection from challenge in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus that were hatched and raised in recirculating culture systems over a 28‐wk period. For IO, fry were vaccinated by immersion on day 12 post‐hatch and given an oral booster during week 10 post‐hatch. The LI and IJ delivered vaccine was also administered at week 10 post‐hatch. No titers were detected in the IO group prior to the oral booster at week 10. Mean titers rose sharply after the week 10 vaccinations in all treatment groups, maintained a high level for about 8 wk, and slowly declined over the next 4 wk. Injected fish had significantly higher titers during the primary response period than either LI or IO fish. There was no statistical difference in titers between LI and IO fish during the primary response. After an oral booster delivered during week 22, titers in LI and IO fish increased significantly at week 25, while titers in IJ fish declined despite the booster delivery. An immersion booster delivered during week 25 resulted in significant increases in titers in all vaccinated groups. Of multiple challenges, the only one not marred by concurrent columnaris infections revealed a low, but significant level of protection in IJ fish at 12 wk post‐vaccination.

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Biochemical, Biophysical, and Serological Homogeneity ofEdwardsiella ictaluri

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of temperature and salt concentration on latent Edwardsiella ictaluri infections in channel catfish

Effects of temperature and salt concentration on latent Edwardsiella ictaluri infections in channel catfish

Oral Vaccination of Channel Catfish against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish Using a Live Attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri Isolate

A Comparison of Immersion, Immersion/Oral Combination and Injection Methods for the Vaccination of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Against Edwardsiella ictaluri

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