Biochemical and histopathological alterations induced in rats by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and its major neurotoxin tityustoxin-I

Junior, Marcos Corrêa; Sampaio, Suely Vilela; Lopes, R. A.; Mancuso, L.C.; Cunha, O.A.B.; Franco, Juliana Bertoldi; Giglio, José Roberto

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(96)00219-x

Cited by 95 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Scorpion venoms is known to stimulate branches of autonomic nerves with subsequent release of catecholamines (10). Reversible myocardial injury has been attributed to the release of a marker known as Cardiac Tropnin I (CT1), while irreversible injury of the heart may be attributed to the release of CT1 resulting from the damaged myocardial cells (10,11,12,13). In the present study, irreversible myocardial damage expressed by necrosis was observed only at half-hour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Transmission Electron Microscopical Changes Associated with Leiurus Quinqestriatus Venom in Rabbits

Afifi

El-Kashef

Seddek

et al. 2016

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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Original Scientific ArticleMac Vet Rev 2016; 39 (1): [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Thirty California female rabbits were obtained from the Animal Care Center, College of Agriculture, South Valley University and acclimated to laboratory conditions for one week. The Leiurus quinquestriatus (LQ) venom was collected from mature scorpions by electrical stimulation of the telson. A single dose of crude venom of 0.4 ml/kg (diluted in normal saline with a ratio of 1:1) was injected into a peripheral ear vein. The lungs, brains, hearts, kidneys, were sampled and fixed in 10% formalin from rabbits sacrificed at zero, 30 minutes, 1hr, and 4hrs, post-envenomation (three animals at each sacrifice). Respiratory distress and neurological manifestations were the main clinical signs. Congestion of the lungs was started at one hour postenvenomation. Vascular changes including hyperemia and hemorrhage were also observed till 24 hours post-envenomation. The main histopathological changes of the lungs were edema, hemorrhage, emphysema, and eosinophilic bronchitis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed several eosinophils with abundant granules and breakdown of their membranes suggesting degranulation. The cerebrum showed malacia and edema. Myocardial damage expressed by focal area of myolysis at half-hour post-envenomation and interstitial edema by at 1, and 4 hour post-envenomation was also evident. In conclusion, scorpion venom induced consistent and relevant histopathological changes in all examined organs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Transmission Electron Microscopical Changes Associated with Leiurus Quinqestriatus Venom in Rabbits

Afifi

El-Kashef

Seddek

et al. 2016

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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“…Scorpion envenoming triggers edema and plasma extravasation through a mechanism that implicates renal filtration changes, as expected by the observed urea concentration increase (14)(15)(16)(17). This will inevitably enhance the gestational physiologic edema and thereby contributes to the increased size of maternal organs (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Embryotoxicity following repetitive maternal exposure to scorpion venom

Hmed¹,

Badraoui²,

Serria³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:Although it is a frequent accident in a few countries, scorpion envenomation during pregnancy remains scarcely studied. In the present study, the effects of repetitive maternal exposure to Buthus occitanus tunetanus venom are investigated and its possible embryotoxic consequences on rats. Primigravid rats received a daily intraperitoneal dose of 1 mL/kg of saline solution or 300 µg/kg of crude scorpion venom, from the 7 th to the 13 th day of gestation. On the 21 st day, the animals were deeply anesthetized using diethylether. Then, blood was collected for chemical parameter analysis. Following euthanasia, morphometric measurements were carried out. The results showed a significant increase in maternal heart and lung absolute weights following venom treatment. However, the mean placental weight per rat was significantly diminished. Furthermore, blood urea concentration was higher in exposed rats (6.97 ± 0.62 mmol/L) than in those receiving saline solution (4.94 ± 0.90 mmol/L). Many organs of venom-treated rat fetuses (brain, liver, kidney and spleen) were smaller than those of controls. On the contrary, fetal lungs were significantly heavier in fetuses exposed to venom (3.2 ± 0.4 g) than in the others (3.0 ± 0.2 g). Subcutaneous blood clots, microphthalmia and total body and tail shortening were also observed in venom-treated fetuses. It is concluded that scorpion envenomation during pregnancy potentially causes intrauterine fetal alterations and growth impairment.

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“…Many studies showed similar results in pulmonary tissues [14][15][16], [53,54]. It was highlighted that scorpion envenomation is followed by an imbalance of pro-and anti-inflammatory response [55] and scorpion venom is able to affect parameters for pulmonary mechanisms [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These toxins affect ionic channels (i.e. Na + , K + Ca 2+ or Cl -channels) and modulate the transmission of nervous impulses by increasing the discharge of mediators (catecholamines, cytokines, neuropeptide…) causing the release of metabolic serum biomarkers and tissue damages [13][14][15][16][17]. Sodium channel specific toxins are the most represented venom proteins that have been structurally defined and classified in different antigenic groups as identified by polyclonal antibodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the Androctonus Australis Hector Nanobody Nbf12-10 Antivenom to Neutralize Significantly the Toxic Effect and Tissue Damage Provoked by Fraction of Androctonus mauretanicus (Morocco) Scorpion Venom

R¹

2015

Biochem Pharmacol (Los Angel)

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Scorpion stings are life threatening in large parts of the world. Toxins from scorpion venom are responsible for severe metabolic and tissue disruption and immunotherapy is the only specific treatment able to neutralize the toxic effects of scorpion venom. The Androctonus mauretanicus (Am) is the most dangerous scorpion in Morocco, whereas in Tunisia Androctonus australis hector (Aah) is causing most casualties. In this work, we investigated the potential of NbF12-10, a new immunotherapeutic concept based on anti-toxin Nanobodies (Nbs) to neutralize Am scorpion venom. We first explored the immune cross-reactivity between Am and Aah scorpions venoms using anti-AahI and anti-AahII polyclonal, NbAahI'F12 (anti-AahI'), monospecific NbAahII10 (anti-AahII) monospecific and bispecific NbF12-10 (anti-AahI'/antiAahII) monoclonal antibodies and subsequently we study the histological damages observed after envenomation with the F3 toxic fraction of Am scorpion venom by intra-cerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection and the capacity of NbF12-10 to reduce tissue damage induced by F3 fraction after i.c.v administration of F3:NbF12-10 mixture, in mice. Results showed significant para-specific activity of anti-Aah polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies towards Am venom fractions. Histological investigations revealed severe tissue damage in brain, lung and liver after i.c.v. administration of F3 fraction. The NbF12-10 pre-mixed with F3 fraction showed an efficient neutralizing capacity against lethal effect of this toxic fraction. Moreover, in vitro pre-incubation of F3 with NbF12-10 at 8-fold molar excess led to significantly reduced tissue damage. Further, NbF12-10 displays a noteworthy potential to neutralize Am toxins and to rescue 50% of envenomed mice from dying. This study provides first evidence that NbF12-10 nano-therapeutic has promising prospective to treat scorpion envenoming in the Maghreb area.

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Biochemical and histopathological alterations induced in rats by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and its major neurotoxin tityustoxin-I

Cited by 95 publications

References 51 publications

Light and Transmission Electron Microscopical Changes Associated with Leiurus Quinqestriatus Venom in Rabbits

Light and Transmission Electron Microscopical Changes Associated with Leiurus Quinqestriatus Venom in Rabbits

Embryotoxicity following repetitive maternal exposure to scorpion venom

Effectiveness of the Androctonus Australis Hector Nanobody Nbf12-10 Antivenom to Neutralize Significantly the Toxic Effect and Tissue Damage Provoked by Fraction of Androctonus mauretanicus (Morocco) Scorpion Venom

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