Biochemical and histological study of the ossification in the early developing pedicle of the fallow deer (Dama dama)

Szuwart, Thomas; Gath, U.; Althoff, J.; Höhling, H. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00303088

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There are certain parallels between antler regrowth and the formation of the primary cranial appendages of deer (i.e., the pedicles and first antlers) (Kierdorf and Kierdorf, 2002). Studies in fallow deer and red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) have demonstrated that in these species only the very early stages of pedicle growth occur by intramembranous ossification, whereas most of the elongation is brought about by proliferation of cartilage, which is subsequently replaced by bone in a process of endochondral ossification (Kierdorf H et al, 1994; Li and Suttie, 1994; Szuwart et al, 1994). Compared to fallow and red deer, in the roe deer the onset of chondrogenesis occurs much later, when the cranial outgrowths have already reached a considerable height (Gruber, 1937).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological studies of bone formation during pedicle restoration and early antler regeneration in roe deer and fallow deer

Kierdorf

Stoffels

et al. 2003

Anat. Rec.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the process of bone formation in the regenerating cranial appendages of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) during the early postcasting period. After the antlers are cast, osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities lead to a smoothing of the pedicle's separation surface, a strengthening of the pedicle bone, and a partial restoration of the distal pedicle portion that was lost along with the cast antler. Initially, bone formation occurs by intramembranous ossification, but early during the regeneration process cartilage is formed at the tips of the cranial appendages, and is subsequently replaced by bone in a process of endochodral ossification. Shortly after the antlers are cast, the cambium layer of the periosteum in the distal pedicle is markedly enlarged, which suggests that the periosteum serves as a cell source for the bone-forming tissue covering the exposed pedicle bone. The histological findings of our study are consistent with the view that the bony component of the regenerating cranial appendages of deer is largely derived from the pedicle periosteum. Based on findings in other bone systems, we speculate that stem cells that can undergo both osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are present in the pedicle periosteum. The early onset of chondrogenesis in the regeneration process is regarded as an adaptation to the necessity of producing a huge volume of bone within a short period. This parallels the situation in other cases of chondrogenesis in membrane bones. Anat Rec Part A 273A: 741-751, 2003.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological studies of bone formation during pedicle restoration and early antler regeneration in roe deer and fallow deer

Kierdorf

Stoffels

et al. 2003

Anat. Rec.

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“…Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that the potential for the growth of the primary cranial appendages resides in the periosteum overlying the more caudal region of the external frontal crests (Hartwig, 1967(Hartwig, , 1968Hartwig and Schrudde, 1974;Goss and Powel, 1985). The histological events leading to pedicle formation have been investigated in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by Gruber (19371, and more recently also in fallow deer (Kierdorf et al, 1994;Szuwart et al, 1994) and in red deer (Ceruus elaphus; Li and Suttie, 1994). These studies revealed, that, whereas in roe deer the bony pedicle is formed by intramembranous ossification (IMO), pedicle elongation in both fallow and red deer proceeds via endochondral ossification (ECO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue differentiation and correlated changes in enzymatic activities during primary antler development in fallow deer (Dama dama)

Szuwart

Kierdorf

et al. 1995

Anat. Rec.

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Histologically, the primary antler could in distoproximal direction be divided into eight different zones (dermis; perichondrium; zones of cartilage formation, hypertrophy, mineralization, and degeneration; primary spongiosa; secondary spongiosa). The histological results demonstrate that the elongation of the primary antler proceeded through a modified form of endochondral ossification, resembling that seen during formation of pedicles and secondary antlers. The concentrations of the extractable activities of ALP and TRAP progressively increased from the perichondrium to the zone of cartilage mineralization. Thus, highest activity of TRAP during primary antler formation occurred at an earlier stage of tissue differentiation than in somatic endochondral ossification, where the enzyme is a biochemical marker of osteoclastic activity during bone remodeling. The present results might reflect the presence of osteoclastic precursor cells in the zone of cartilage mineralization as an adaptation to the rapidity of antler growth. Our findings of the contents of extractable ALP, inorganic and organic phosphate in the different tissue zones of the developing primary antler are in good agreement with previous studies analyzing epiphyseal growth plates and point to the fact that ALP causes a rise in inorganic phosphate and the removal of inhibitors for mineralization, like pyrophosphate.

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Pedicle and first antler formation in deer: Anatomical, histological, and developmental aspects

Kierdorf

2002

Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft

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Biochemical and histological study of the ossification in the early developing pedicle of the fallow deer (Dama dama)

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Histological studies of bone formation during pedicle restoration and early antler regeneration in roe deer and fallow deer

Histological studies of bone formation during pedicle restoration and early antler regeneration in roe deer and fallow deer

Tissue differentiation and correlated changes in enzymatic activities during primary antler development in fallow deer (Dama dama)

Pedicle and first antler formation in deer: Anatomical, histological, and developmental aspects

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