Bioassay directed isolation of a novel anti-inflammatory cerebroside from the leaves of Aerva sanguinolenta

Abstract

This paper attempts to evaluate the antiinflammatory potential and the possible mechanism of action of the leaf extracts and isolated compound(s) of Aerva sanguinolenta (Amaranthaceae), traditionally used in ailments related to inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract (ASE) was evaluated by acute, subacute and chronic models of inflammation, while a new cerebroside ('trans', ASE-1), isolated from the bioactive ASE and characterized spectroscopically, was tested by carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema and protein exudation model. To understand the underlying mechanism, we measured the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2, along with the cytokines like tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and interleukins(IL)-1b, IL-6 and IL-12 from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. The results revealed that ASE at 400 mg/kg caused significant reduction of rat paw oedema, granuloma and exudative inflammation, while the inhibition of mouse paw oedema and exudative inflammation by ASE-1 (20 mg/kg) was comparable to that of the standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Interestingly, both ASE and ASE-1 showed significant inhibition of the expressions of iNOS2 and COX-2, and the down-regulation of the expressions of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-a, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, via the inhibition of COX-2-mediated PGE2 release. Thus, our results validated the traditional use of A. sanguinolenta leaves in inflammation management.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Aerva pseudotomentosa leaves

“…javanica have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity (Al-Fatimi et al 2007;Elaseed et al 2015). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that some species of this genus such as Aerva lanata, Aerva sanguinolenta have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects (Sharma et al 2011;Mandal et al 2015). Phytochemical investigations on these plants revealed the presence of various flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrate, and phenolic compounds (Emam 1999;Kumar et al 2013).…”

A Comparative Study of the Effects upon LPS Induced Macrophage RAW264.7 Inflammation <i>in vitro </i>of the Lipids of <i>Hippocampus trimaculatus</i> Leach

“…A result in Yoshiyuki Mizushina s study 27 , one glucosyl compound, cerebroside from soybean showed a positive association with the in vivo inhibition of TPA 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate -induced inflammation in mouse ear. A new cerebroside isolated from ethanol extract of leaves of Aerva sanguinolenta showed significant inhibition of the expressions of iNOS and COX-2, and the down-regulation of the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated macrophages via the inhibition of COX-2-mediated PGE 2 release 28 . Cerebroside D 29 reduced the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β in intestinal tissue of mice with experimental colitis in a concentrationdependent manner, accompanied with markedly increased serum level of IL-10, providing a novel approach to treatment of colonic inflammation.…”

Antibacterial Assay of the Whole Plant Ethanolic Extract of Amaranthus viridis, Aerva sanguinolenta and Cynodon dactylon against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophillus – An in vitro Microbiological Study

“…[6][7][8] Only 1% of plant source has been evaluated till date for research, thus lot more to be investigated. Amaranthus viridis (Baun note), [9][10][11][12] Aerva sanguinolenta (Lal bishalyakarani) [13][14][15] and Cynodon dactylon (Durba grass) [16][17][18] are widely and easily grown, all season, hardy plant with wild cultivation status. Table 2.…”