Bioassay-directed chemical analysis of genotoxic components in urban airborne particulate matter from Barcelona (Spain)

Casellas, M.; Fernández, Pilar; Bayona, Josep M.; Solanast, A.M.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)00438-z

Cited by 62 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Formation of 9-fluorenone can explain this structural change, as this compound is commonly identified in environmental samples. 19 The observed oxidized intermediate is found to degrade substantially. No organic products were detected on the TiO 2 surface after 19 h of photolysis.…”

Section: Fluorene: Photochemistry Over Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and photocatalytic reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated by raman spectroscopy

Cordeiro

Cório

2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento fotoquímico de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs), potenciais poluentes secundários em reações em aerossóis, através de espectroscopia Raman em comparação com seu comportamento eletroquímico. Os HPAs estudados incluem pireno, antraceno, fenantreno e fluoreno. Esses foram adsorvidos sobre o catalisador TiO 2 e irradiados com radiação ultravioleta (254 nm). A oxidação eletroquímica foi estudada via espectroscopia Raman intensificada pela superfície (SERS) in situ e levou à formação de produtos carbonilados. Intermediários oxidados contendo o grupo C=O foram também observados nos processos de fotodegradação. A comparação entre os intermediários formados nos processos fotoquímicos e eletroquímicos revela produtos idênticos para o antraceno, mas não para o pireno. Esse resultado advém da diferença de mecanismo para esses dois processos. A degradação fotocatalítica sobre TiO 2 é iniciada por radicais hidroxila, enquanto a oxidação eletroquímica é iniciada por transferência eletrônica direta com o HPA adsorvido no eletrodo, gerando cátions radicais do HPA que desencadeiam as reações subseqüentes. This paper presents the study of photochemical behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), potential pollutants in secondary reactions in aerosols, through Raman spectroscopy compared with its electrochemical behavior. The PAHs studied include pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene and fluorene. These were adsorbed onto TiO 2 and irradiated with ultraviolet light (254 nm). Their electrochemical oxidation was studied by in situ Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and led to the formation of carbonyl-containing products. Oxidized intermediates bearing the C=O group were also formed during photodegradation. The joint analysis of the photodegradation data with those produced by electrochemical means -using spectroscopic techniques for the identification and characterization of the products -revealed the formation of identical products for anthracene, but not for pyrene. A reasonable explanation for this difference in results is that photochemical and electrochemical oxidation reactions proceed via different mechanisms. While photocatalytic degradation over TiO 2 is initiated by hydroxyl radicals, electrochemical oxidation is initiated by the direct electron transfer from adsorbed PAH to the electrode, generating PAH cation radicals that undergo subsequent reactions.Keywords: advanced oxidative processes, photocatalysis, TiO 2 , spectroelectrochemistry, SERS IntroductionExcessive concentrations of particulate matter in the atmosphere are cause for significant concern in many metropolitan areas around the world. This particulate matter exhibits dynamic behavior owing to potential chemical and photochemical reactions, changing its composition according to time and environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of chemicals present in particulate matter, are of special interest due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. 1,2 PAHs are character...

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Section: Fluorene: Photochemistry Over Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and photocatalytic reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated by raman spectroscopy

Cordeiro

Cório

2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…They are present in tobacco smoke and also in the ambient air due to chemical reactions of PAHs with different atmospheric pollutants, such as NO, or 0, (Alebic-Juretic et al, 1990;Fan et al, 1995;Pitts et al, 1978;Xu and Burlingame, 1988). The direct mutagenic activity of tobacco smoke or atmospheric extracts has been mainly correlated with the presence of oxy-and nitro-PAHs (Bayona et al, 1994;Casellas et al, 1995;Yu et al, 2002). While PAHs have proved to be indirect mutagens, nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Nitro-pahs and Other Pahs Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulates: A review

Liu

Lin

et al. 2007

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Their abundance and persistence in several polluted environmental medium, such as sediments [2] , surface waters [3,4] and airborne particulate matter [5] , have been reported. Because some PAHs are known or suspected to be mutagenic, carcinogenic and/or co-carcinogenic [6] , several institutions, like the World Health Organization (WHO), US EPA, etc., have established the maximum concentrations for these organic contaminants in water [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a]-anthracene in aqueous solution by chlorine dioxide

Liu

Huang

et al. 2006

SCI CHINA SER B

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute an important group of micropollutants, which are known to be mutagenic, carcinogenic and/or co-carcinogenic and relatively persistent in the environment. The effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) on the degradation of anthracene (ANTH), pyrene (PYR) and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) in aqueous solution were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In preliminary experiments, it was observed that ClO 2 could remove these three PAHs effectively within a short time. Several factors including reaction time, the concentration of ClO 2 and pH of the reaction mixture influencing the degradation ratio of PAHs have been studied by batch experiments. The results showed that the degradation ratio of PAHs was affected by reaction time and the concentration of ClO 2 instead of pH. The degradation ratio of ANTH, PYR and BaA could reach their maximum as approximately 99.0%, 67.5% and 89.5%, respectively, under the condition as follows: reaction time 30, 60 and 120 min, the concentration of ClO 2 0.1, 0.4 and 0.5 mmol·L −1 , and pH 7.2. ANTH was selected as the representative to study the reaction mechanism with ClO 2 . The oxidation products formed in the reaction of ANTH with ClO 2 were tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the results showed that the main product was 9, 10-anthraquinone, which could be biodegraded more easily and quickly than ANTH. Through analyzing the reaction properties of ANTH and ClO 2 , the possible pathway for the ANTH-ClO 2 reaction was proposed based on the theory of single electron transfer (SET).

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Bioassay-directed chemical analysis of genotoxic components in urban airborne particulate matter from Barcelona (Spain)

Cited by 62 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical and photocatalytic reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated by raman spectroscopy

Electrochemical and photocatalytic reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated by raman spectroscopy

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulates: A review

Degradation of anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a]-anthracene in aqueous solution by chlorine dioxide

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