Degradation of anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a]-anthracene in aqueous solution by chlorine dioxide

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute an important group of micropollutants, which are known to be mutagenic, carcinogenic and/or co-carcinogenic and relatively persistent in the environment. The effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) on the degradation of anthracene (ANTH), pyrene (PYR) and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) in aqueous solution were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In preliminary experiments, it was observed that ClO 2 could remove these three PAHs effectively within a short time. Several factors including reaction time, the concentration of ClO 2 and pH of the reaction mixture influencing the degradation ratio of PAHs have been studied by batch experiments. The results showed that the degradation ratio of PAHs was affected by reaction time and the concentration of ClO 2 instead of pH. The degradation ratio of ANTH, PYR and BaA could reach their maximum as approximately 99.0%, 67.5% and 89.5%, respectively, under the condition as follows: reaction time 30, 60 and 120 min, the concentration of ClO 2 0.1, 0.4 and 0.5 mmol·L −1 , and pH 7.2. ANTH was selected as the representative to study the reaction mechanism with ClO 2 . The oxidation products formed in the reaction of ANTH with ClO 2 were tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the results showed that the main product was 9, 10-anthraquinone, which could be biodegraded more easily and quickly than ANTH. Through analyzing the reaction properties of ANTH and ClO 2 , the possible pathway for the ANTH-ClO 2 reaction was proposed based on the theory of single electron transfer (SET).

Optimization of the application of the Fenton chemistry for the remediation of a contaminated soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…Under the experimental conditions used, the main aromatic product detected in the oxidation runs was 9–10 anthraquinone (ATQ), confirmed by both HPLC and GC‐MS analysis. This transformation product, as reported in the literature, was also found in PAHs oxidation in soil and the aqueous phase . Besides, it is supposed that the presence of this byproduct in soil can be temporary, given that it could be biodegraded more easily and quickly than the parent PAH .…”

Two novel zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples

“…The accuracy of our method was further evaluated with PAHs recoveries aer standard spiked into the abovementioned water samples for ve replicate experiments. Although the recoveries of Ant and BaA spiked in tap water were low, probably due to ClO 2 degradation as previously described, 3,47,48 other PAHs were not inuenced and satisfactory recoveries for all the target PAHs in spring water and Xiangjiang river water have been achieved at 82.4-112.7% with RSDs below 9% for both intra-day and interday experiments, as shown in Table 2. Therefore, our SPE method based on ZIF-11 as the sorbent for PAHs in environmental water samples was robust in resisting interferent substances in complex in-eld water samples, exhibiting excellent extraction and analytical performances.…”

Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on tetrabenzyl modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the analysis of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

“…However, the recoveries of Ant in spiked tap water are extraordinarily low, it is because Ant is degraded Paper Analyst approximately 99% in 30 min under the attention of ClO 2 in water solution. 34 According to the relevant literature 35,36 about degradation of PAHs by ClO 2 , Ant is degraded faster and easier than other PAHs. Furthermore, the content of ClO 2 in tap water is very small and the extraction time of tap water samples is within 15 min, so only Ant is degraded rapidly while the other PAHs are not obviously inuenced.…”