Bioactivity of periodontal ligament stem cells on sodium titanate coated with graphene oxide

Abstract

As a biocompatible and low cytotoxic nanomaterial, graphene oxide (GO) has captured tremendous interests in tissue engineering. However, little is known about the behavior of dental stem cells on GO. This study was to evaluate the bioactivity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) on GO coated titanium (GO-Ti) substrate in vitro as compared to sodium titanate (Na-Ti) substrate. By scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis, we investigated the attachment, morphology, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs on these two substrates. When seeded on GO-Ti substrate, PDLSCs exhibited significantly higher proliferation rate, ALP activity and up-regulated gene expression level of osteogenesis-related markers of collagen type I (COL-I), ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) compared with those on Na-Ti substrate. Moreover, GO promoted the protein expression of BSP, Runx2 and OCN. These findings suggest that the combination of GO and PDLSCs provides a promising construct for regenerative dentistry.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Jawbone microenvironment promotes periodontium regeneration by regulating the function of periodontal ligament stem cells

“…Ti possessed great biocompatibility and osteogenic induction44, but inactive odontogenic induction. In addition, periodontium regeneration was seldom reported on the Ti, and the researches focused on the osteogenic coating and modified surface treatment instead454647. Our previous study showed PDLSCs with JBMSCs had an advantage in periodontium regeneration.…”

In vitro effect of graphene structures as an osteoinductive factor in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review

“…The most dominant cell types used in the included articles were mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), [17][18][19][20][21][22] Goat ADSCs, 23 human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), 24 human alveolar bone marrow stem cells (hABMSCs), 25 human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), 26,27 and bone MSCs (BMSCs), [28][29][30][31] such as human BMSCs 19, 32-41 (hBMSCs), murine BMSCs (mBMSCs), 4, 42-49 rabbit BMSCs (rBMSCs), 50 murine MSCs cell line C3H10T1/2 51,52 and Caprine BMSCs (cMBSCs). 53 The type of the MSCs in fifteen studies 19,32,36,40,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] was not defined.…”

“…Graphene has unique physiochemical features, especially its potential for osteogenic induction of stem cells, that make it a promising material for promoting surface modification and bioactive character of metal-based composites. 48 Several studies 13,26,28,45,47,50,65,69,71,76,86,89,92 raised a debate regarding the influential role of metals combined with graphene on cell proliferation and viability.…”

“…131,132 For example, Kumar et al 71 prepared RGO decorated with Sr NPs (RGO/Sr), promoting proliferation owing to the release of Sr 2+ and hydrophilic nature of hybrid nanoparticles. Additionally, it was proven that cell proliferation was improved by RGO coated multipass caliber-rolled Ti alloy of Ti13Nb13Zr (MPCR-TNZ) 69 compared to MPCR-TNZ and GO-coated Ti compared to Ti-Na 26 and Ti. 76 Graphene sheets can act as substrates for metallic particles and as the storage sites for dissolved metal ions; therefore, preventing the aggregation of metallic particles, decreasing the toxic effects of metallic particles and resulting in the sustained release of metal ions.…”

“…Many studies 26,38,39,47,76 used titanium incorporated with graphene for enhanced osteogenesis. It is proven that surface roughness and hydrophilicity of Ti can affect differential Wnt pathways and signaling molecules, leading to the osteogenic differentiation.…”