Bioactivity guided isolation of antidiabetic and antioxidant compound from Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig bark

Abstract

The present study was designed to identify antidiabetic and antioxidant constituents from ethanol bark extract of a medicinally important mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig, using in vitro bioactivity-guided fractionation. The repeated fractionation of X. granatum ethanol bark extract (XGEB) by silica gel column chromatography yielded a compound with strong antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. The bioactive compounds likely to be present in the XGEB fraction were identified by FT-IR, 1 H & 13 C NMR and MS analysis and determined as a limonoid derivative Xyloccensin-I, by comparing spectral data with the literature reports. The isolated compound demonstrated excellent in vitro antidiabetic potential IC 50 values of 0.25 and 0.16 mg/ml, respectively for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition study. The antioxidant potential assayed by DPPH, ABTS, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging studies exhibited that the isolated compound could scavenge these free radicals with IC 50 values of 0.041, 0.039, 0.096 and 0.235 mg/ml, respectively. Further, in silico study was performed to find the antidiabetic activity of Xyloccensin-I by docking it against α-glucosidase enzyme. The study demonstrated that Xyloccensin-I have satisfactory interactions and binding energies when docked into target which further confirms the possible mode of antidiabetic action of the isolated compound. The bioactivity assays further asserts the antidiabetic and antioxidant efficacy of the isolated compound which strongly suggests that Xyloccensin-I holds promise in the pharmaceutical industry. The results from this study provide new mechanistic evidence justifying, at least in part, the traditional use of X. granatum extract for antidiabetic and antioxidants activities.

Concordance of antioxidant and anti-Inflammatory activity in Xylocarpus granatum (Koen)

“…Zamani et al (2015) reported plant antioxidant activity of X. granatum seed kernel with IC50 10.61 μg/ml. Similarly, in vitro antioxidant activity has been reported by Das et al (2019). The antioxidant potential of X. granatum revealed in this study is in close agreement with both above mentioned reports.…”

Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig

“…In folklore, the X. granatum plant has been applied to treat malaria, fever, cholera, dysentery, and diarrhea in many countries including India. The extraction of leaves, fruits, and barks of X. granatum possesses potential free radical scavenging activities [ 4 ]. Besides, Uddin et al [ 16 ] proposed that this plant extract chemicals have a variety of medicinal properties and in Bangladesh, and it was employed for the treatment of fever, malaria, cholera, diarrhea, and dysentery.…”

“…The isolated compounds from the X. granatum have antidiabetic activity. Xylogranin B, xyloccensin I, and xyloccensin S [ 70 ] exhibited antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α -amylase, α -glucosidase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), respectively [ 4 , 52 ]. Xylogranin B acts with the concentration of the IC 50 48.9 nM or inhibited TCF/ β -catenin transcriptional activity with IC 50 values of 270 and 330 nM [ 4 , 26 ].…”

“…It is spread across the coastal areas of tropical and subtropical zones and river delta. Typically, this plant's different parts are used for different purposes, most popularly used for the treatment of diarrhea, dyslipidemia, fever, inflammation, malaria, cholera, dysentery, and so on [ 4 , 5 ]. Various types of chemical compounds are extracted from the different parts of the plant such as limonoids, phragmalin, limonoids based alkaloids, mexicanolides, protolimonoids, flavonol-like compound, lactone, ethanol extract, methanol extract, and alkaloids, among others [ 6 , 7 ].…”

The influence of physicochemical environment on the distribution and abundance of mangrove gastropods in Ngurah Rai Forest Park Bali, Indonesia

“…In Togean Central Sulawesi, X. granatum seeds have activity inhibition of tyrosinase and antioxidants which has the potential to brighten the skin (Zamani et al 2015). Das et al (2019) reported that leaves, fruits, and barks of X. granatum can be processed into medicine for various diseases e.g. : fever, malaria, cholera, dysentery, thrush, and diarrhea.…”