Concordance of antioxidant and anti-Inflammatory activity in Xylocarpus granatum (Koen)

Abstract

Xylocarpus granatum, a common mangrove plant is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea, cholera, fever, dyslipidemia, inflammation, etc. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of X. Granatum by various in vitro methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by in vitro human RBC membrane stabilizing assay and in vivo mice paw edema test. Ethanolic leaf extract (S2) of X. granatum showed significant scavenging effect on DPPH scavenging with a value of IC50 165.95µg/ml. In addition, it showed significant reducing potential with a value of 59.04 mM of ferrous equivalent per ml in FRAP assay and in reducing power assay the EC50 value was determined as 241.61μg/ml . The ethanolic leaf extracts exhibited 72.3% β-carotene bleaching inhibition. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract were 66μg/ml gallic acid equivalent and 47.66μg/ml quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively. The extract also exhibited 52.63% and 51.05% protection of RBC membrane in hypotonicity and heat induced lysis inhibition, respectively. Significant reduction of mice paw edema (36.34% in 20 μg/kg bw concentration) was observed in the extract. The results revealed that the leaf extract of X. granatum possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
 
 J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 466–475, 2019

In vitro and in silico investigation of garlic’s (Allium sativum) bioactivity against 15-lipoxygenase mediated inflammopathies

“…(37). Natural antioxidants (secondary metabolites) play a crucial role in neutralizing ROS or inhibiting different oxidative enzymes linked to inflammatory pathways (38). Inflammation related to oxidative stress is a prominent risk factor in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases.…”

“…Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently prescribed for various inflammatory diseases having severe adverse effects that have prompted the consideration of developing alternative therapeutic interventions. Therefore, antioxidant metabolites synthesized from plants with anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects are indeed effective candidates for commercially available therapeutic medications (38). The aqueous extract of garlic has been demonstrated to have high free radical scavenging activity that inhibits the oxidative alteration of LDLs (39,40) and possesses a potent hepatoprotective effect against oxidative liver injury in rats (41).…”

Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig

“…It is spread across the coastal areas of tropical and subtropical zones and river delta. Typically, this plant's different parts are used for different purposes, most popularly used for the treatment of diarrhea, dyslipidemia, fever, inflammation, malaria, cholera, dysentery, and so on [ 4 , 5 ]. Various types of chemical compounds are extracted from the different parts of the plant such as limonoids, phragmalin, limonoids based alkaloids, mexicanolides, protolimonoids, flavonol-like compound, lactone, ethanol extract, methanol extract, and alkaloids, among others [ 6 , 7 ].…”