Bioactive Factors in Platelet-Rich Plasma Obtained by Apheresis

Abstract

SummaryIntroduction: The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in regenerative approaches in cartilage repair is becoming more common. Information about PRP composition and its content of putative bioactive chondrogenic growth factors (GF) that may support cartilage regeneration is scarce. Methods: GF composition of a pool of 6 PRP preparations was determined using Protein Antibody Membrane Arrays covering 507 GF, signaling molecules, and receptors. To verify the chondrogenic GF variability in PRP, Growth Factor Antibody Membrane Arrays covering 26 GF were applied to 6 individual PRP preparations. Selected GF involved in chondrogenic differentiation were quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: 417 out of 507 possible detectable proteins were present in the PRP pool, including 76 GF. Quantification of selected chondrogenic GF by ELISA showed an average of 0.31 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein-2, 0.50 ng/ml connective tissue growth factor, 0.76 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-2, and 0.59 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β3. Conclusion: PRP as a therapeutic option in regenerative cartilage repair strategies is a powerful tool for the local application of chondrogenic GF to the site of injury. Chondrogenic GF are present in PRP and may support cartilage repair by inducing cell differentiation and cartilage matrix formation.

Optimising proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells using platelet products: A rational approach to bone regeneration

“…To generate the lysed products for in vitro assays, CPRP, PRP, and fPRP were processed through three freeze‐thaw cycles which involved freezing at −80 °C followed by thawing at 37 °C . To remove contaminating cell debris, CPL, PL, and fPL were centrifuged at 2700 g for 10 min and the supernatants were extracted for cell stimulation.…”

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells in vitro

“…The evaluation of the concentration of a single growth factor within PRP is not sufficient to indicate the potency of PRP. In addition to TGF-β, other growth factors exhibited in PRP, such as BMP-4, BMP-7 and GDF-5, are also important bio-activators for chondrogenic differentiation (36). In the present study, the concentrations of multiple growth factors and their synergistic effects were not tested; instead, it was anticipated that the growth factors released from PRP as a whole could be effective in inducing the chondrogenesis of rabbit ADSCs.…”

Strategies for controlled delivery of biologics for cartilage repair

“…Additionally, it remains unclear how different processing techniques and donor-to-donor variability affect the composition and effectiveness of PRP. Using protein antibody membrane arrays, Krüger and colleagues recently profiled the growth factor composition of human PRP and revealed a plethora of chondrogenic and anabolic growth factors including various BMPs, FGFs, PDGFs, IGFs, TGF-βs and VEGFs [155]. Indeed, several studies of late have reported the positive effects of PRP on cartilage repair in both diseased and acute defect models [156].…”