Bioactive constituents of neem

Kumar, Rakesh; Mehta, Simpi; Pathak, Seema R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102071-5.00004-0

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Among various active phytoconstituents such as nimbin, nimbolide, and limonoids, Azadirachtin is the most significant [16]. Different parts of this plant have been proposed as remedies because of potential properties against a varieties of organisms and other disease-producing factors, including antifungal [17], antibacterial [17,18], anti-inflammatory [17], antiarthritic, antipyretic [19], immunomodulatory [20], antimalarial [19], antitumor, and spermicidal [20] effects. It can not only completely limit growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also exhibit a wide array of antibacterial action against Vibrio cholerae and Klebsiella pneumoniae [21] in vitro .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis and Azadirachta indica leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli

Zihadi¹,

Rahman²,

Talukder³

et al. 2019

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study aims at investigating the antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis (common name: Green tea) and Azadirachta indica (common name: Neem) leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were processed and extracted by 99% ethanol and reconstituted with 50% ethanol before testing. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to determine zone diameter of inhibition (ZDI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. Nutrient agar plate was used to estimate the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: Maximum ZDI value was observed for green tea against MRSA (7.5 mm) and minimum for neem (4.9 mm). Moreover, the highest ZDI against STEC was also for green tea and the combination of green tea and neem (4.5 mm). The MIC values of green tea extract were 15.625 and 31.25 mg/ml against MRSA and STEC, respectively, whereas the MIC of neem was 31.25 and 125 mg/ml, respectively. The combination had similar MIC (46.87 mg/ml) against both organisms. Green tea showed the lowest MBC values, 31.25 and 62.5 mg/ml, against MRSA and STEC, respectively. However, MBC of neem and the combination against MRSA and STEC were found >250 mg/ml, >500 mg/ml and 93.75 mg/ml, >375 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Green tea and neem leaves showed good antimicrobial effects and can be used to explore novel antimicrobial compounds against MRSA and STEC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis and Azadirachta indica leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli

Zihadi¹,

Rahman²,

Talukder³

et al. 2019

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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“…have a wide range of medicinal properties and are used to treat inflammation, infections, fever, skin diseases and dental disorders Neem constitutes a vast collection of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex which are effective as antiviral antimicrobial, antimalarial and antibacterial. There are 140 active compounds isolated from different parts of the neem (Kumar et al,2018). Neem leaf and its constituents exhibit antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer, antimalarial, antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds In Neemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence in Biopharmaceuticals: The Role of Gedunin and Nimbin from Azadirachta indica as a potential cure for SARS CoV-2 and other viral diseases

kamath¹,

Archanna²

2021

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 –SARS CoV- 2 has affected over 170 million people worldwide out of which 3.5 million have lost their lives so far. There is no effective remedy for this highly contagious disease to date. This study examines the effect of Gedunin and Nimbin, one of the constituents of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), especially as a possible prophylactic element and a remedy for Covid-19 using computational methods. Other main constituents of the neem leaves such as Azadirachtin and Nimbidin may also work as an active antiviral. This study was initiated by the insights gained from the traditional method of controlling respiratory ailments. We propose ‘Emergence’ as the property that dictates the need to use Gedunin and Nimbin along with the other bioactive components of neem leaves as adjuvants against coronaviruses and other viral diseases

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“…The traditional use as antiviral is described for the treatment of animals suffering from bovine and avian poxvirus infections by applying a paste of neem leaves directly on the infected skin [20]. In addition, Neem is considered harmless to animals, insects, humans, birds, and earthworms and has also been approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use as a food crop [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major chemical constituents of neem are terpenes and limonoids. The major active components in the limonoids are azadirachtin, 3-deacetyl-3cinnamoylazadirachtin, 1-tygloyl-3-acetyl-2methoxyazadirachtin, 22,23-dihydro-23βmethoxyazadirachtin, nimbanal, 3tigloylazadirachtol, 3-acetyl-salannoV nimbidioV margocin, margocinin, margocilin, and others [21]. Azadirachtin A is a member of the family of azadirachtins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachtin-A a bioactive compound from Azadiracta indica is a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease

Berinyuy¹,

Ibrahim²,

Alozieuwa³

2021

AROC Pharm. Biotech.

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Despite the growing scientific interest in finding effective treatment, SARS-CoV-2 virus remains a global major health burden and public health emergency. SARS-CoV main protease (Mpro) also known as chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) is an important protein identified to be vital for SARS-CoV-2 survival. However, to date, there are no clinically approved drugs or antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we evaluated the interaction of 3CLpro with azadirachtin-A a bioactive compound from Azadiracta indica using in silico molecular docking study. Our results revealed that Azadiractin A docked well into the binding cavity of 3CLproSARS-CoV-2 with binding affinities ranges between -6.3 and -5.20 kcal/mol, and Pkd of 5.82~6.10 for the ten best binding modes. Azadiractin interacted with the active site of 3CLpro-SARS-CoV-2 by 2 conventional hydrogen bonding to HIS163 and GLU166, C-H interactions with HIS127, and alkyl interaction with PRO168 of the 3CLpro-SARS-CoV-2. We also found that the Azadiractin-A_3CLpro-SARS-CoV-2 complex is stabilized by various Vander wall forces with ASN142, LEU141, PHE140, MET165, GLN189, LEU167, THR190, and ALA191. In conclusion, our results suggested that Azadirachtin-A could be a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, thus worthy of further preclinical study.

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Bioactive constituents of neem

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis and Azadirachta indica leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli

Antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis and Azadirachta indica leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli

Emergence in Biopharmaceuticals: The Role of Gedunin and Nimbin from Azadirachta indica as a potential cure for SARS CoV-2 and other viral diseases

Azadirachtin-A a bioactive compound from Azadiracta indica is a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease

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