Bioactive compounds derived from echinoderms

Abstract

The marine environment provides a rich source of natural products with potential therapeutic applications.The rate of studies in marine animals, particularly invertebrates has increased considerably in the last few years leading to an increase in the number of bioactive compounds discovered. In this context, this review focuses on the phylum Echinodermata and aims at summarizing and highlighting the bioactive compounds derived from the echinoderms discovered between 2009 and 2013, clarifying their structure, distribution, biosynthetic origin, and biological activity.

Sea Cucumber Glycosides: Chemical Structures, Producing Species and Important Biological Properties

“…Among so many sources, numerous bioactive metabolites have been isolated from marine invertebrates such as echinoderms with a broad spectrum of biological activities [1]. The echinoderms are divided into five classes, i.e., Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Asteroidea (starfishes), Echinoidea (sea urchins), Crinoidea (sea lilies), and Ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars), which live exclusively in the marine habitat, distributed in almost all depths and latitudes, as well as reef environments or shallow shores [2,3].…”

“…The echinoderms are divided into five classes, i.e., Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Asteroidea (starfishes), Echinoidea (sea urchins), Crinoidea (sea lilies), and Ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars), which live exclusively in the marine habitat, distributed in almost all depths and latitudes, as well as reef environments or shallow shores [2,3]. The importance of these echinoderms as a potential source of bioactive compounds for the development of new therapeutic drugs/agrochemicals has been growing rapidly [1]. Compounds isolated from echinoderms showed numerous biological activities including antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, anti-tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities [1].…”

“…The importance of these echinoderms as a potential source of bioactive compounds for the development of new therapeutic drugs/agrochemicals has been growing rapidly [1]. Compounds isolated from echinoderms showed numerous biological activities including antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, anti-tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities [1]. …”

Bioactivity and chemical characterization of gonads of green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis from Barents Sea

“…Marine products, due to their phenomenal biodiversity, are attractive not only as nutritious food items, but also as treasure house of novel, biologically active compounds. Extensive scientific research in the recent past has documented the numerous health benefits of seafood (Blunt, Copp, Keyzers, Munro, & Prinsep, 2014;Gomes, Freitas, Rocha-Santos, & Duarte, 2014;Kiuru et al, 2014;Urakova, Pozharitskaya, Demchenko, Shikov, & Makarov, 2012;Venugopal, 2008). Sea urchins are marine invertebrates of the phylum Echinodermata.…”

Steroid Sulfates from Ophiuroids (Brittle Stars): Action on Some Factors of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

“…Marine organisms are well known as a source of natural products of medicinal interest including those which became known as biologically active substances of new drugs [1,2]. Polar steroids represent a diverse group of natural products with unusual structures and high biological activities [3][4][5][6][7]. The most studied metabolites of this chemical nature have been isolated from starfish (class Asteroidea) [3,[5][6].…”