Bioactive and Antibacterial Coatings Based on Zein/Bioactive Glass Composites by Electrophoretic Deposition

Abstract

This study investigated the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the natural polymer zein combined with bioactive glass (BG) particles. Through the deposition of various BG compositions, namely 45S5 BG and Cu-doped BG, this work sought to demonstrate the ability of the films to potentiate the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in contact with simulated body fluid (SBF). Following incubation in SBF, the physical and chemical surface properties of the EPD films were evaluated using different characterization techniques. The formation of HA at the surface of the coatings following immersion in SBF was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated HA formation in all coatings after seven days of immersion in SBF. Coating morphology and degradation of the zein films were characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The results confirmed EPD as a very convenient room temperature technique for production of ion releasing, bioactive, and antibacterial coatings for potential application in orthopedics.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Copper(II)–Chitosan Complexes for Antibacterial Coatings

“…Swelling characteristic of Cu(II)-CS coatings was determined by immersing the coated specimens into 10 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution for 1,3,7,10,15,20,25,30,40,50,60,90, and 120 min. The swelling ratio was determined according to the following formula:…”

“…Most problems associated with biomedical implants are due to infectious diseases of bacterial origin. Therefore, a current goal of biomaterial technology is to develop antibacterial surfaces for implants that can effectively combat micro-organisms and biofilm formation [1][2][3]. The risk of infections can be reduced by the local delivery of biologically active agents in a controlled manner [4].…”

The Effect of Electrophoretic Deposition Parameters on the Microstructure and Adhesion of Zein Coatings to Titanium Substrates

“…The typical peak for α-zein on an FTIR spectrum occurs for signals between 1600 and 1700 cm −1 [ 10 , 14 ]. The insolubility of zein in water is related to the high content of hydrophobic residues, such as proline, leucine, alanine and phenylalanine [ 11 , 15 , 16 ]. Zein can be potentially used to deliver drugs inside the cell cytoplasm in pharmaceutical applications, to perform 3D porous zein scaffolds or to form coatings [ 10 , 11 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Fabrication and characterization of zein/bioactive glass deposited on pretreated magnesium via electrophoretic deposition

“…The high degradation rate of Mg implant can cause premature mechanical failure of implants before the tissues completely heal and gain their mechanical strength 4 . To slow down this degradation so that it matches the healing rate of tissues, the magnesium substrates can be coated with various biocompatible materials and their combinations, for example, chitosan, 10,11 zein, 12‐14 gelatin, 15,16 hydroxyapatite (HA), 17‐19 and bioactive glasses 15,20‐24 . Much work has been done on the composite coatings, and their application can significantly promote bone growth, protect against corrosion, and increase the functionality and durability of the implants 25 …”