Bio-inspired nano-engineered strip for semiquantitative FeNO analysis

Abstract

A point-of-care, non-invasive, low-cost and sensitive nano-biodiagnostic is needed in today’s age for rapid and accurate self-diagnosis as well as for the management of asthma, which is advantageous for low resource areas where asthma is prevalent. The objective of this research work was to prepare the miniature, nanosponges coated paper strip to detect the asthma using certain biomarkers present in exhaled air. The asthma biomarker, nitric oxide present in exhaled air (FeNO) was chosen, which on reaction with nanosponges of diazotizing agent gave significant color change. The pyromellitic anhydride cross-linked β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of sulfanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride were prepared using a polymer condensation method and coated on Whatman filter paper strip (1 × 5 cm2). The thickness of coating was found to be uniform (400 ± 50 μm) which was determined using SEM analysis. The Hue-Saturation-Value scale was used to detect the color change using a smartphone app. We also investigated the performance of a nano-engineered paper strip by comparing this with commercially available, FDA approved FeNO analyzer-NIOX MINO. Our findings demonstrated no significant difference in results obtained using both the techniques. Besides good repeatability, the paper strip showed increasing saturation with NO concentration and the capacity to detect the biomarker down to mean value of 20.33 ppb level. The successful validation and method comparison indicated that a bioinspired strip can provide on-site analysis and daily monitoring for diagnosis and management of asthma.

Cyclic Anhydrides as Powerful Tools for Bioconjugation and Smart Delivery

“…Covalent organic frameworks of macromolecules could be organized in the form of ribbons and reticulated in 2D structures with this molecule . The use of pyromellitic anhydride was also reported in the assemblage of β-cyclodextrins-based nanosponges for nitric oxide delivery . Pyromellitic anhydride can also give dynamic covalent bonds in polyesters …”

“…145 The use of pyromellitic anhydride was also reported in the assemblage of β-cyclodextrins-based nanosponges for nitric oxide delivery. 146 Pyromellitic anhydride can also give dynamic covalent bonds in polyesters. 147…”

Glucose oxidase-based biosensor for glucose detection from biological fluids

“…The physical sensors include touch, hear and sight in response to applied external stimuli such as pressure and radiations. In contrast, chemical sensors includes taste and odor work, which gets stimulated by odor and flavor (Buenger et al , 2012; Shende et al , 2019a, 2019b). Physical sensors are defined as an instrument that responds to the physical feature of the surrounding medium.…”