Bio‐electrochemical response to sense implant degradation

Abstract

In vivo monitoring of biomedical implants to detect early stages of failure is currently unavailable. State-of-the-art imaging techniques do not provide information about small-scale localized changes in the implant and surrounding environment, which are key to early detection of failure. Here, we discuss different electrochemical responses of implants during degradation which may be utilized to develop biosensors to monitor implant degradation in vivo. This review is focused on identifying the need, potential measurement techniques and degradation response obtained from sensors based on electrochemical signature of biomedical implants. Benefits of designing these novel sensors include continuous monitoring, early failure detection, reduced post-surgery and prevention of catastrophic failure from implant degradation.

Biocompatible High Entropy Alloys with Excellent Degradation Resistance in a Simulated Physiological Environment

“…The wear tracks for MoNbTaTiZr showed no detectable cracks, which may be attributed to its higher strength or hardness that retarded crack initiation and better surface passivation characteristics discussed in Section 3.1. The average density of MoNbTaTiZr alloy at room temperature was measured to be 9.31 g/cm 3 , which is significantly higher than the human bone density of 3.88 g/ cm 3 . However, the mechanical properties and superior tribocorrosion resistance of MoNbTaTiZr makes it attractive for use as thin cranioplasty plates, compression hip screws, and pedicle screws, which are small in size but subjected to simultaneous corrosion and wear in the physiological environment.…”

“…Bioimplant degradation in the physiological environment is exacerbated by synergistic corrosion and wear known as tribo-corrosion, which results in irreversible deterioration over time and ultimate failure of the implant. − Furthermore, increasing from room temperature to body temperature (37 °C) further accelerates the degradation process after surgical implantation . Tribo-corrosion in bioimplants commonly leads to material debris, which may cause severe pain, inflammatory response, and locking of joints among other complications.…”

Perspectives on smart stents with sensors: From conventional permanent to novel bioabsorbable smart stent technologies

“…Apart from the precise measurement of pressure, temperature, motion, flow, thermal properties and pH, the sensors and their by‐products exhibited biocompatible dissolution revealing their potentiality for a wide range of biomedical applications. In addition to these, an online monitoring strategy to sense the bioresorption rate inside physiological environment can bring about profound benefits (Shittu, Sadeghilaridjani, Pole, Ayyagari, & Mukherjee, 2020).…”

Electrospinning for the manufacture of biosensor components: A mini‐review

“…When in contact with the specific analyte used for testing, the transducer converts a change in the physiochemical environment into an electrical signal that is used for detection. Biosensors typically detect change in chemical composition, heat, light and vibrations (Clark et al, 2020;Mehrotra, 2016;Shittu et al, 2020). Therefore, given the high specificity of biosensors, they require several key properties to function correctly;…”

“…When in contact with the specific analyte used for testing, the transducer converts a change in the physiochemical environment into an electrical signal that is used for detection. Biosensors typically detect change in chemical composition, heat, light and vibrations (Clark et al, 2020; Mehrotra, 2016; Shittu et al, 2020). Therefore, given the high specificity of biosensors, they require several key properties to function correctly; biosensors should be independent from their physical parameters such as having chemical resistance to the detection environment, they should be reusable, and they should be designed to give maximum output to improve detection sensitivity.…”