Bio-Based Resin Reinforced with Flax Fiber as Thermorheologically Complex Materials

Amiri, Ali; Yu, Arvin Z.; Webster, Dean C.; Ulven, Chad A.

doi:10.3390/polym8040153

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…From this study, it was found that with the correct mixing ratio between epoxy and hardener it is possible to gain satisfactory thermo-mechanical properties even with a bio-based hardener [24]. Amiri et al (2016) studied methacrylated epoxidised sucrose soyate (MESS) bio-based resin (ESS was 100% bio-based and was synthesized from fully esterified sucrose soyate) reinforced with flax fibre as thermo-rheologically complex materials, i.e., the significance of nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour possessed by natural fibres and thermoset bio-based resin on long-term performance of the composite were analysed [25]. Time-temperature superposition (TTS) was used for determining temperature-dependent mechanical properties of linear viscoelastic materials at a reference temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Comparison of Rheological Behaviour of Bio-Based and Synthetic Epoxy Resins for Making Ecocomposites

Vahid

Burattini

Afshinjavid

et al. 2021

Fluids

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In this paper, the rheological behaviour of a petroleum-based epoxy (EL2 laminating epoxy) was compared with the Super Sap CLR clear bio-resin epoxy. The focus of the work was on the viscous and viscoelastic performance of these epoxy resins. Rheological tests were carried out at 15, 30, and 60 min after the mixing of the pure epoxies and the hardeners at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The results obtained from the rheometer tests showed that the viscosity of both epoxy systems decreased with increasing shear rate, which is typical behaviour of a shear thinning fluid. Regarding the oscillatory rheology tests, the viscoelastic properties of both epoxy resins were studied within their linear viscoelastic region (LVER) by amplitude sweep test, which was also carried out 15, 30, and 60 min after mixing the epoxies with the hardeners. It was noticed that the petroleum-based epoxy possessed a more significant LVER relative to the bio-based resin. Finally, the storage modulus (G′), the loss modulus (G″), and the phase angle were extracted, and these parameters were investigated over low and high frequencies. From the test results, we observed that both epoxy resins showed a liquid-like viscoelastic behaviour due to their phase angle values, which were always between 45° and 90°, and by the general tendency of the G″ predominance over G′ at low and high frequencies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Comparison of Rheological Behaviour of Bio-Based and Synthetic Epoxy Resins for Making Ecocomposites

Vahid

Burattini

Afshinjavid

et al. 2021

Fluids

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“…The proposed dermal films contain hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as a bioadhesive matrix forming polymer, with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a low-absorption promoter so that the antifungal does not penetrate too much towards the dermis. The main reason for choosing HEC as a bioadhesive matrix forming polymer was its ability to adhere to mucous membrane and human skin, providing stability to the film [26], and the lack of toxicity [5,15,18]. HEC with an apparent viscosity of 4500 -6500 mPa • s is highly water-soluble and practically insoluble in ethanol, being used as a hydrophilic gel former.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEC with an apparent viscosity of 4500 -6500 mPa • s is highly water-soluble and practically insoluble in ethanol, being used as a hydrophilic gel former. HEC is a hydrophilic polymer with fast dissolution, and it forms gels at 1.5% -2%, which exhibit good bioadhesiveness and yield capacity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Miconazole Nitrate Permeability Through Biological Membrane From Dermal Systems

Bîrsan¹

2020

FARMACIA

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The development of pharmaceutical products with miconazole nitrate (MN) can bring various benefits to patients of whom fungal infections are resistant to classic antifungal formulas. In medical practice, dermal systems, in the form of polymeric films, represent an alternative to other medical products. The proposed dermal films contain hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as a hydrophilic and bioadhesive matrix polymer, with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a low-absorption promoter, so that the antifungal have a slow penetration towards the dermis. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro permeability of MN through biological membrane (pig ear skin) at pH 7.4, during its release from two polymeric films. In vitro pig ear skin permeation studies indicated that the amount of the drug released after 24 h was 40% in the case of formulation FI and 32% in the case of formulation FII from the initial dose (40 mg). The concentration of 40% MN released can be considered an appropriate antifungal dose, with the benefit of being accumulated in the stratum corneum where it is maintained for up to 4 days. RezumatDezvoltarea de forme farmaceutice cu nitrat de miconazol (MN) poate aduce numeroase beneficii pacienților care au dezvoltat rezistență clinică la formulările antifungice clasice. În practica medicală, sistemele dermice formulate ca filme polimerice reprezintă o alternativă de administrare față de alte produse medicamentoase. Filmele dermice propuse conțin hidroxietilceluloză, un polimer bioadeziv formator de matriță, în asociere cu polietilenglicol ca promotor cu proprietăți moderate de penetrare cutanată, astfel încât substanța activă să poată penetra lent țesutul cutanat. Acest studiu își propune evaluarea in vitro a permeației MN prin membrană biologică (piele de ureche de porc) la pH 7,4 din două tipuri de filme polimerice. Studiile de permeație in vitro prin membrană biologică indică o eliberare de 40% a substanței active după 24 de ore (FI), respectiv 32% (FII). Cantitatea de MN eliberată (40%) asigură eficiența antifungică, substanța activă acumulându-se în stratul cornos unde se menține până la 4 zile după prima aplicare.

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“…glass and basalt) there are other benefits in using them such as reduction in CO 2 emission, less dependency on foreign oil sources, reduction in energy consumption and the most important one, recyclability. 7,8 However, flax fiber, when compared to its synthetic or mineral-based counterparts, generally has lower mechanical properties. These low mechanical properties are a major inhibitor when trying to develop high-performance products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and manufacturing of a hybrid flax/carbon fiber composite bicycle frame

Amiri

Krosbakken

Schoen

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the IMechE

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Carbon fiber composite frames were first used in Tour de France in 1986. With recent growth in research and development of composite frames, carbon fiber composites have become more popular in bicycle industry where lightweight and high stiffness are of upmost importance. Unfortunately, carbon fiber is expensive and has low impact toughness. One method of overcoming this shortcoming is to hybridize carbon fiber with natural fibers such as flax. The benefit of using hybrid composites is that the advantages of one type of fiber can overcome the disadvantages of the other type of fiber. As a result, a balance in cost, performance, and sustainability could be achieved through proper composite material design. In this study, carbon fiber was hybridized with flax fiber in an effort to manufacture a bicycle frame with the highperformance characteristics of carbon fiber and low cost and renewability of flax fiber. In addition, vibration damping properties of flax fiber will result in a more comfortable ride. The results of mechanical tests of the frame material revealed that the manufactured frame possess similar or higher stiffness and strength as commercially available carbon, titanium, and aluminum frames while exhibiting superior vibration damping properties. All these were achieved with a lower cost compared to carbon composite frames while maintaining 40% biocontent.

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Bio-Based Resin Reinforced with Flax Fiber as Thermorheologically Complex Materials

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of Rheological Behaviour of Bio-Based and Synthetic Epoxy Resins for Making Ecocomposites

Comparison of Rheological Behaviour of Bio-Based and Synthetic Epoxy Resins for Making Ecocomposites

Evaluation of Miconazole Nitrate Permeability Through Biological Membrane From Dermal Systems

Design and manufacturing of a hybrid flax/carbon fiber composite bicycle frame

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