Bifunctional electrochemical biosensor based on PB-MXene films for the real-time analysis and detection of living cancer cells

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…Table 1 lists electrochemical MXene-based sensors for small molecules published in 2023. MXene (especially Ti 3 C 2 ) and other conductive nanomaterials (typically gold nanoparticles) have been used for the sensing of hydrogen peroxide, 112–114 Aflatoxin B1, 115–117 chlorpyrifos, 118–120 and glucose 121–124 with sensing ranges in nM to mM and limits of detection in pM to μM ranges. A specific receptor for the detection of some small molecules is not always required; often their characteristic redox potentials are sufficient.…”

“…195 Electrochemical sensors for microorganisms using MXene-based nanomaterials are summarized in Table 4. Exosomes, 196–199 bacteria, 200–205 viruses, 149,206–209 and even cancer cells 114,171 can be measured through appropriate surface modification of electrodes. The lowest sensing range is about 10 particles per μL.…”