Beyond hydrophobicity: how F4-TCNQ doping of the hole transport material improves stability of mesoporous triple-cation perovskite solar cells

Liu, Maning; Dahlström, Staffan; Ahläng, Christian; Wilken, Sebastian; Degterev, Aleksandr E.; Matuhina, Anastasia; Hadadian, Mahboubeh; Markkanen, Magnus; Aitola, Kerttu; Kamppinen, Aleksi; Deska, Jan; Mangs, Oliver; Nyman, Mathias; Lund, Peter; Smått, Jan‐Henrik; Österbacka, Ronald; Vivo, Paola

doi:10.1039/d2ta02588d

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…This can be attributed to long‐term uniform doping and reduced degradation of the absorber upon the F4‐TCNQ‐driven hydrophobic protection of the PIM layer underneath the HTL. [ 53 ] The P3HT doping approach to boost the shelf‐lifetime of CsMAFA‐Sb cells is an important contribution from this work, as it allows us to overcome a relevant and well‐known weakness of Sb‐PIM devices, that is, the modest air stability of the interface between Sb‐PIM and P3HT. [ 20 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our strategy was inspired by related works on the enhanced stability of perovskite solar cells upon F4-TCNQ doping of the HTL. [52,53] Also in the case of a CsMAFA-Sb PIM-based device, the F4-TCNQ doping of P3HT layer triggers a very remarkable enhancement of the device stability (Figure S29, Supporting Information). The PCE even increases after 100 days of storage and still retains its initial value after 149 days of storage.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be attributed to long-term uniform doping and reduced degradation of the absorber upon the F4-TCNQ-driven hydrophobic protection of the PIM layer underneath the HTL. [53] The P3HT doping approach to boost the shelf-lifetime of CsMAFA-Sb cells is an important contribution from this work, as it allows us to overcome a relevant and well-known weakness of Sb-PIM devices, that is, the modest air stability of the interface between Sb-PIM and P3HT. [20] The EQE profile of the device better matches the white lightemitting diode (WLED) spectrum than the AM 1.5 G solar spectrum (Figure 5a), which hints at lowered non-absorbing photon loss in the devices under WLED illumination.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Triple A‐Site Cation Mixing in 2D Perovskite‐Inspired Antimony Halide Absorbers for Efficient Indoor Photovoltaics

Lamminen

Grandhi

Fasulo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Antimony‐based perovskite‐inspired materials (PIMs) are solution‐processable halide absorbers with interesting optoelectronic properties, low toxicity, and good intrinsic stability. Their bandgaps around 2 eV make them particularly suited for indoor photovoltaics (IPVs). Yet, so far only the fully inorganic Cs3Sb2ClxI9−x composition has been employed as a light‐harvesting layer in IPVs. Herein, the first triple‐cation Sb‐based PIM (CsMAFA‐Sb) in which the A‐site of the A3Sb2X9 structure consists of inorganic cesium alloyed with organic methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) cations is introduced. Simultaneously, the X‐site is tuned to guarantee a 2D structure while keeping the bandgap nearly unchanged. The presence of three A‐site cations is essential to reduce the trap‐assisted recombination pathways and achieve high performance in both outdoor and indoor photovoltaics. The external quantum efficiency peak of 77% and the indoor power conversion efficiency of 6.4% are the highest values ever reported for pnictohalide‐based photovoltaics. Upon doping of the P3HT hole‐transport layer with F4‐TCNQ, the power conversion efficiency of CsMAFA‐Sb devices is fully retained compared to the initial value after nearly 150 days of storage in dry air. This work provides an effective compositional strategy to inspire new perspectives in the PIM design for IPVs with competitive performance and air stability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photovoltaic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photovoltaic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Triple A‐Site Cation Mixing in 2D Perovskite‐Inspired Antimony Halide Absorbers for Efficient Indoor Photovoltaics

Lamminen

Grandhi

Fasulo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…It has proved that the traditionally used exponent lifetime could not distinguish the effects in bulk and at the interface, a differential lifetime can help to distinguish these effects. [37,38] The detail of differential lifetime of TRPL results can be found in Supporting Information. In Figure 2h, the plateau of τ PL for the samples with ETL is in this case given by a complex interplay of the bulk SRH lifetime and the surface recombination velocity S (Here, we assumed the energy level offset at the interface is negligible).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability: Interfacial Passivation of Crosslinked Fullerene Eliminates the “Burn‐in” Decay

et al. 2022

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) longevity is nowadays the bottleneck for their full commercial exploitation. Although lot of research is ongoing, the initial decay of the output power – an effect known as “burn‐in” degradation happening in the first 100 h – is still unavoidable, significantly reducing the overall performance (typically of >20%). In this paper, the origin of the “burn‐in” degradation in n‐i‐p type PSCs is demonstrated that is directly related to Li+ ions migration coming from the SnO2 electron transporting layer visualized by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) measurements. To block the ion movement, a thin cross‐linked [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester layer on top of the SnO2 layer is introduced, resulting in Li+ immobilization. This results in the elimination of the “burn‐in” degradation, showing for the first time a zero “burn‐in” loss in the performances while boosting device power conversion efficiency to >22% for triple‐cation‐based PSCs and >24% for formamidinium‐based (FAPbI3) PSCs, proving the general validity of this approach and creating a new framework for the realization of stable PSCs devices.

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“…Electron-accepting compounds such as perfluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), tris-(pentafluorophenyl)borane, molybdenum tris(dithiolene) derivatives or benzoyl peroxide can also be used as dopants for Spiro-OMeTAD HTL. [93][94][95] These functional compounds alone are able to dope Spiro-OMeTAD with improved conductivity, but most of them yield inferior performances to LiTFSI and TBP co-doping. In spite of this, these additives can bring the benefit of instant oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD in an inert atmosphere without involving O 2 exposure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spiro‐OMeTAD‐Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Shen

Deng

2022

Small Methods

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long‐term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping‐induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro‐OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro‐OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro‐OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large‐scale production are discussed.

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Beyond hydrophobicity: how F4-TCNQ doping of the hole transport material improves stability of mesoporous triple-cation perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency of triple-cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their low long-term stability in the air is still a major bottleneck for practical applications. The hygroscopic dopants...

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Triple A‐Site Cation Mixing in 2D Perovskite‐Inspired Antimony Halide Absorbers for Efficient Indoor Photovoltaics

Triple A‐Site Cation Mixing in 2D Perovskite‐Inspired Antimony Halide Absorbers for Efficient Indoor Photovoltaics

Boosting Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability: Interfacial Passivation of Crosslinked Fullerene Eliminates the “Burn‐in” Decay

Spiro‐OMeTAD‐Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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