Beyond Fish Oil Supplementation: The Effects of Alternative Plant Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids upon Lipid Indexes and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers—An Overview

Santos, Heitor O.; Price, James C.; Bueno, Allain Amador

doi:10.3390/nu12103159

Cited by 91 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Another small crossover Japanese trial recently reported enhanced fat oxidation in healthy subjects, administered with 2.5 g/d of ALA-enriched diacylglycerol vs. placebo [ 133 ], suggesting its use in visceral obesity prevention. Other evidence indicative of the cardioprotective effects of ALA come from epidemiological data linking high consumption of ALA-rich foods, such as walnuts [ 134 , 135 ], flaxseed [ 136 ], and some seed oils [ 137 ]. Currently, large-scale primary or secondary prevention trials are missing, and, in summary, the cardiovascular actions of ALA have been poorly explored and remain to be fully elucidated [ 109 ].…”

Section: Dietary Fats: Why We Need Them?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Visioli

Poli²

2020

Nutrients

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One of the most controversial areas of nutrition research relates to fats, particularly essential fatty acids, in the context of cardiovascular disease risk. A critical feature of dietary fatty acids is that they incorporate into the plasma membrane, modifying fluidity and key physiological functions. Importantly, they can reshape the bioavailability of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators, which direct cellular responses to external stimuli, such as inflammation and chronic stress conditions. This paper provides an overview of the most recent evidence, as well as historical controversies, linking fat consumption with human health and disease. We underscore current pitfalls in the area of fatty acid research and critically frame fatty acid intake in the larger context of diet and behavior. We conclude that fundamental research on fatty acids and lipids is appropriate in certain areas, but the rigor and reproducibility are lacking in others. The pros and cons are highlighted throughout the review, seeking to guide future research on the important area of nutrition, fat intake, and cardiovascular disease risk.

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Section: Dietary Fats: Why We Need Them?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Visioli

Poli²

2020

Nutrients

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“…Nutritional intervention for women with polycystic ovary syndrome has attracted attention. In recent years, studies have shown that dietary fat is currently considered as a biological regulator affecting metabolism, and ω-Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) may be the most effective metabolic fatty acid regulator (12)(13)(14)(15). Animal studies shown that n-3 PUFAs can prevent IR by activating PPARa, reducing inflammation, and depositing fat in insulin-sensitive tissues (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters among polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yuan¹,

Wen²

2021

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: There is a close relationship between hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the changes in hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors of PCOS patients who were supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs).Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 2021. We have included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the n-3 PUFA treatment in PCOS. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and either the fixed effects model or random effects model was used.Results: 314 studies were initially identified, and 10 RCTs with 610 patients were finally included in the current study. Results suggested that PCOS patients with n-3 PUFAs supplementation may have a reduction

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“…Omega-3 fatty acids may be the most effective fatty acid regulators in metabolic function, which also have beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease (5,6). Previous studies have indicated that therapy with omega-3 fatty acids positively impact cardiometabolic and lipid profiles (7) and induced IR (8). Meanwhile, animal studies have also found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can improve IR via activating peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor alpha (PPARa), decreasing inflammation and fat accumulation in insulin sensitive tissues (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xia

Wang²,

Cui³

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: There is a close relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and omega-3 fatty acids may have a key role in improving cardiovascular risk factors.We conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with PCOS.Methods: We searched 4 databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to February 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of omega-3 fatty acid treatment for PCOS. According to the Cochrane system evaluation guide manual, 2 researchers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We pooled results using either a fixed effect model or random effect model. Results:We identified 314 articles, of which 10 met the criteria for inclusion, involving 778 participants.The pooled results suggested an association between the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduction in serum insulin [−2.58 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.34 to −1.82 pmol/L, P<0.00001, I 2 =0], homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (−0.57, 95% CI: −0.75 to −0.40 L, P<0.00001, I 2 =2%), serum total cholesterol (TC) (-6.87 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.28 to -3.47 mg/dL, P<0.0001, I 2 =95%), serum triglyceride (−4.03 mg/dL, 95% CI: −5.53 to −2.52 mg/dL, P<0.00001, I 2 =97%), serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (−6.64 mg/dL, 95% CI: −11.58 to −1.70 mg/dL, P=0.008, I 2 =99%), serum very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (−3.29 mg/L, 95% CI: −6.54 to −0.05 mg/L, P=0.05, I2=7 2 %), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−8.97mg/dL, 95% CI: −17.66 to − 0.28 mg/dL, P=0.04, I 2 =99%), an improvement in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.94 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.63 to 5.26 mg/dL, P=0.01, I 2 =87%), but no effect on serum glucose (−0.76 mg/dL, 95% CI: −1.71 to 0.19 mg/dL, P=0.12, I 2 =73%) was found. Discussion:The current meta-analysis demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for women with PCOS resulted in a statistical improvement in insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and HDL-C, but did not affect serum glucose. The limitation of this paper is due to the lack of included research literature.

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Beyond Fish Oil Supplementation: The Effects of Alternative Plant Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids upon Lipid Indexes and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers—An Overview

Cited by 91 publications

References 112 publications

Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters among polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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