Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Visioli, Francesco; Poli, Andrea

doi:10.3390/nu12123782

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…The debate continues regarding how fatty acid- vs carbohydrate-rich diets impacts cardiovascular health [ 39 , 40 ]. This study is the first demonstration of how a high-fat vs a low-fat or fat-free diet impacts the histone code by substantially reducing H3K9Bu in a genome-wide fashion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone H3K9 butyrylation is regulated by dietary fat and stress via an Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain-dependent mechanism

Yang

Austin

et al. 2021

Molecular Metabolism

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Objective We previously reported that β-oxidation enzymes are present in the nucleus in close proximity to transcriptionally active promoters. Thus, we hypothesized that the fatty acid intermediate, butyryl-CoA, is the substrate for histone butyrylation and its abundance is regulated by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain (ACADS). The objective of this study was to determine the genomic distribution of H3K9-butyryl (H3K9Bu) and its regulation by dietary fat, stress, and ACADS and its impact on gene expression. Methods and results Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP–Seq), we show that H3K9Bu is abundant at all transcriptionally active promoters, where, paradoxically, it is most enriched in mice fed a fat-free vs high-fat diet. Deletion of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) abolished H3K9Bu in cells maintained in a glucose-rich but not fatty acid-rich medium, signifying that fatty acid synthesis from carbohydrates substitutes for dietary fat as a source of butyryl-CoA. A high-fat diet induced an increase in ACADS expression that accompanied the decrease in H3K9Bu. Conversely, the deletion of ACADS increased H3K9Bu in human cells and mouse hearts and reversed high-fat- and stress-induced reduction in promoter-H3K9Bu, whose abundance coincided with diminished stress-regulated gene expression as revealed by RNA sequencing. In contrast, H3K9-acetyl (H3K9Ac) abundance was minimally impacted by diet. Conclusion Promoter H3K9 butyrylation is a major histone modification that is negatively regulated by high fat and stress in an ACADS-dependent fashion and moderates stress-regulated gene expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone H3K9 butyrylation is regulated by dietary fat and stress via an Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain-dependent mechanism

Yang

Austin

et al. 2021

Molecular Metabolism

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“…PUFA n-3 from plant foods (linseed, walnuts) and fish have favorable effects on serum lipids. The dietary intake of SFA and cholesterol is an important determinant of plasma LDL-C levels, although some studies indicate that the food matrix (such as meat) plays a larger role in cardiovascular pathologies than the overall intake of SFA and cholesterol [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment

2021

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Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting the intake of fatty acids to <30% of energy intake (50). In the recent decades, the fat intake of developing countries has increased, while that of developed countries has decreased (51). Further, most of the research is concentrated in western developed countries.…”

Section: Thematic Evolution Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge Mapping of Dietary Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Research: Hotspots, Knowledge Structure, and Theme Trends

Cao

Chang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Background: The global incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is continuously increasing, making it a potential worldwide public health concern. Research on dietary factors related to MetS has attracted considerable attention in the recent decades. However, the research hotspots, knowledge structure, and theme trends for the dietary factors associated with MetS remain unknown, and have not yet been systematically mapped. This study aimed to review the research status of diet as a risk factor for MetS through bibliometric methods. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science database. Research hotspots were identified using biclustering analysis with the gCLUTO software, and knowledge structure was explored via social network analysis using the Ucinet software. Theme trends were investigated using evolutionary analysis with the SciMAT software. In total, 1,305 papers were analyzed. The research output on the dietary factors associated with MetS increased steadily. The research scope was gradually expanding and diverse. Overall, eight research hot spots, four key dietary nodes, and four motor themes on the dietary factors associated with MetS were identified. Fatty acids, dietary fiber, and polyphenols have been the focus of research in this field over the years. Evolutionary analysis showed that fish oil and vitamin C were well-developed research foci recently. Prebiotics was recognized as an emerging theme with certain developmental potential. These findings provide a better understanding of the research status of the dietary factors associated with MetS and a reference for future investigations.

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Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence

Cited by 65 publications

References 151 publications

Histone H3K9 butyrylation is regulated by dietary fat and stress via an Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain-dependent mechanism

Histone H3K9 butyrylation is regulated by dietary fat and stress via an Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain-dependent mechanism

Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment

Knowledge Mapping of Dietary Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Research: Hotspots, Knowledge Structure, and Theme Trends

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