Between an ugly truth and a perfect lie: Wiping off fearful memories using beta‐adrenergic receptors antagonists

AlOkda, Abdelrahman; Nasr, Mostafa; Amin, Shaimaa Nasr

doi:10.1002/jcp.27441

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…In general, the studies in cultured cells indicate that β 1 -AR is more resistant to agonist-mediated downregulation than β 2 -AR [7][8][9]. Since β 2 -ARs are distributed extensively throughout the body, wherein they mediate the response to sympathetic discharges in many organs and tissues, including immune and central nervous systems [10][11][12], there is considerable interest in their regulation. At present, an in vitro analysis of the effects of β-blockers with different signaling profiles on β 2 -AR density is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-blockers Reverse Agonist-Induced β2-AR Downregulation Regardless of Their Signaling Profile

Maccari¹,

Vezzi

Barbagallo

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Altered β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) density has been reported in cells, animals, and humans receiving β-blocker treatment. In some cases, β-AR density is upregulated, but in others, it is unaffected or even reduced. Collectively, these results would imply that changes in β-AR density and β-blockade are not related. However, it has still not been clarified whether the effects of β-blockers on receptor density are related to their ability to activate different β-AR signaling pathways. To this aim, five clinically relevant β-blockers endowed with inverse, partial or biased agonism at the β 2 -AR were evaluated for their effects on β 2 -AR density in both human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing exogenous FLAG-tagged human β 2 -ARs and human lymphocytes expressing endogenous β 2 -ARs. Cell surface β 2 -AR density was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Treatment with propranolol, carvedilol, pindolol, sotalol, or timolol did not induce any significant change in surface β 2 -AR density in both HEK293 cells and human lymphocytes. On the contrary, treatment with the β-AR agonist isoproterenol reduced the number of cell surface β 2 -ARs in the tested cell types without affecting β 2 -AR-mRNA levels. Isoproterenol-induced effects on receptor density were completely antagonized by β-blocker treatment. In conclusion, the agonistic activity of β-blockers does not exert an important effect on short-term regulation of β 2 -AR density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-blockers Reverse Agonist-Induced β2-AR Downregulation Regardless of Their Signaling Profile

Maccari¹,

Vezzi

Barbagallo

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Despite this, the agents was not found to affect declarative memory impairment. [38] For a long time, there have been suspicions linking beta-blockers with the risk of developing depression, and lipophilic beta-blockers have been associated with an increased risk compared to non-lipophilic ones. [39] In a recent published study on the subject from 2002, which included 15 studies with a total group of over 35,000 patients, Ko and colleagues proved that there is no significant effect of using βblockers on the development of depression, and there is no relationship between the lipophilic profile and non-lipophilic agent and the risk of symptoms during therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric aspect of most common used cardiological drugs

Cholewa

Wysokińska

SIWEK

et al. 2020

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction: The count of psychiatric patients is growing. The same trend it is observed among cardiovascular diseases and metabolic like diabetes. Many people take drugs which may affect on mental state. On the one hand that drugs could have pleotropic mechanism of action which are beginning to use in treatment of psychiatry. The other hand is showed undiscovered field of impact on brain working. Methods and Aim: Shown the psychiatric aspect, like side effects and unusual use, of the most used cardiological drugs. To do this, research of articles was done with the help of data bases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The most used cardiological drugs are beta blockers, calcium canal blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, nitrates, cilostazol, amiodarone and clonidine In this article it was shown current known about those drugs like mechanism of action and a report of psychiatric clinical trials. Beta-blockers are the most commonly used group of cardiological drugs as the one that significantly affects mental health. Their therapeutic importance has been noted in diseases such as: PTSD or stage fright. It was also long believed that they could make depression worse, but the latest research strongly contradicts this. A positive effect in the treatment of depression can also be obtained by usage of inhibitors of the RAA. Calcium channel blockers are another group of cardiac drugs that are important in the regulation of mood in bipolar disorder. To sum up, a large proportion of cardiac drugs can influence the flow of psychiatric diseases, and the use of them may be clinically desirable in patients with bothcardiac and psychiatric problems.

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“…The interview focused on depicting the most aversive aspects of the narrative. Reconsolidation is expected to initiate 3–10 mins following the memory reactivation and to last for about 2–6 h ( 21 ). It has been previously shown that the higher the trait anxiety of an individual, the less likely it is that propranolol reduces fear by disrupting memory consolidation, e.g., Soeter and Kindt ( 22 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perioperative Propranolol Against Dental Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Steenen

Westrhenen

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundPromising results from a trauma reactivation study on post-traumatic stress disorder suggest that propranolol is capable of attenuating symptoms of traumatically induced mental disorders by blocking memory reconsolidation.MethodsA randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, quadruple-blind trial was designed to determine the effectiveness of perioperative propranolol during exposure to dental extractions in reducing dental anxiety in patients with dental anxiety or dental phobia. Between November 2014 and December 2018, 52 patients with high levels of fear in anticipation of dental extractions who were referred to a department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for at least two tooth and/or molar removals with 1 month in between were included. On the first visit participants received either 120 mg of perioperative oral propranolol (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17), and a core fear memory was reactivated 1 h preoperatively. The primary outcome was change in severity of dental anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up, as indexed by the short version of the dental anxiety inventory (S-DAI). Secondary outcome measures were change in intra-operative state anxiety and specific phobia diagnoses.ResultsLinear mixed model (LMM) yielded no statistically significant difference in change of dental trait anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up between propranolol and placebo groups (Cohen's d = 0.23). S-DAI scores decreased in both study arms from baseline to follow-up (propranolol arm: from 32.1 [SD = 7.3] to 29.1 [SD = 8.8]; placebo arm: from 31.6 [SD = 7.5] to 27.1 [SD = 6.5]). Also, administering propranolol was not associated with a significant difference in change of intra-operative state anxiety or phobia diagnoses between groups over time.ConclusionsThe results do not concur with earlier findings regarding post-traumatic stress disorder, and suggest that individuals with traumatically induced fears or phobias do not benefit from the application of perioperative propranolol.

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Between an ugly truth and a perfect lie: Wiping off fearful memories using beta‐adrenergic receptors antagonists

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

β-blockers Reverse Agonist-Induced β2-AR Downregulation Regardless of Their Signaling Profile

β-blockers Reverse Agonist-Induced β2-AR Downregulation Regardless of Their Signaling Profile

Psychiatric aspect of most common used cardiological drugs

Perioperative Propranolol Against Dental Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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