Beryllium ion sensing through the ion pair formation between the electrochemically reduced ferrocenyl naphthoquinone radicals and $$\hbox {Be}^{2+}$$ ions

Abstract

We explored the mechanistic aspects of ion pair formation between electrochemically reduced radicals (Fc-cnq-1a • − /Fc-cnq-1b • −) and dianions (Fc-cnq-1a 2− /Fc-cnq-1b 2−) of ferrocenyl naphthoquinones (Fc-cnq-1a and Fc-cnq-1b) and several metal ions by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and spectroelectrochemistry, for the first time. The experiments demonstrated that Fc-cnq-1a 2− /Fc-cnq-1b 2− were moderately affected with Na + , K + and Cs + by slightly shifting to the anodic side, but were strongly influenced with Li + ion. Fc-cnq-1a • − /Fc-cnq-1b • − were not affected by alkali metal ions, indicating no ion pair formation between the radicals and these ions. Fc-cnq-1a 2− /Fc-cnq-1b 2− was not evolved in the presence of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , but Fc-cnq-1a • − /Fc-cnq-1b • − appeared with their cathodic waves, and participated with intermediates, [(Fc-cnq-1b) 2 • −-Be 2+ and [(Fc-cnq-1a) • −-Cl]. The most pronounced effect on the ion-pair formation of the Fc-cnq-1a • − /Fc-cnq-1b • − was observed in Be 2+ , indicating that Fc-cnq-1a or Fc-cnq-1b can selectively sense ultra-trace amount of Be 2+ (LOD = 3.6 ppb) among the other metal ions with SWV titration, for the first time, based on the strong ion pair formation reaction between the radicals and Be 2+ .

Ion-Pair Facilitated Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of Cadaverine and Putrescine

“…4c) gives a straight line with a slope value of 56.9 mV (R 2 = 0.9868) which shows that formation ion-pair complex between NR-phosphate and nuclear aggregates of polyamines (NAPs) has linear relationship and such correlation has been reported. 56,57 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies confirm the formation of ion-pair complexation; this can be observed from the change in R ct values upon addition of cadaverine. A large increase in charge resistance (73.98kΩ) was observed and this can be attributed to the interaction of PNR/GCE with cadaverine through phosphate ion bridging (Fig.…”

“…[34][35][36] Electrochemical sensors based on ion-pair z E-mail: giribabuk@cecri.res.in formation have been previously reported. 37,38 Herein, we study an electrochemical non-enzymatic sensing methodology for the detection of cadaverine and putrescine via aggregation of amine with poly (neutral red) (PNR) on GCE under phosphate buffer medium. To validate their detection capability real fish specimen with artificially spiked biogenic amines were tested and observed results suggest that the ion-pair formation based biomarker detection may find intrinsic role in non-enzymatic sensor application.…”

Architecture of Easy-to-Synthesize and Superior Probe Based on Aminoquinoline Appended Naphthoquinone: Instant and On-Site Cu2+ Ion Quantification in Real Samples and Unusual Crystal Structure and Logic Gate Operations

“…In this study, a 1,4-naphthoquinone compound functionalized with 8-aminoquinoline was used as a sensor platform to provide the quite selective and ultrasensitive quantification of Cu 2+ ions. NQ structures play a significant role in the sensing of metal cations ,− due to their photochemical and photophysical durabilities, which improves the probe life and suitability of the ICT process . These molecules can be easily functionalized especially from their α position via amine derivatives .…”

Contemporary Developments in Ferrocene Chemistry: Physical, Chemical, Biological and Industrial Aspects

“…Various characterization techniques confirmed the formation of a complex between compound 74 and Al 3+ , and were successfully used to find out the Al 3+ content in environmental samples (Figure 7). Finally, the method employed by Atasen explained the sensing potential of Be 2+ by ion pair formation with ferrocenyl naphthoquinones radicals and dianions [75]. Cyclovoltammetric analysis revealed that the sensitivity effect was more pronounced in the case of Be 2+ among all alkaline earth metals that formed an ion pair with Fc-cnq-Ia and could selectively sense the ultra-trace amount of Be 2+ (LOD 3.6 ppb).…”