Berber orchardgrass tested as cover crop in commercial vineyard

Wolpert, James A.; Phillips, Phil A.; Striegler, R. Keith; McKenry, M. V.; Foott, J

doi:10.3733/ca.v047n05p23

Cited by 18 publications

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“…) and of Erythroneura leafhoppers in particular (Wolpert et al. , Daane and Costello , Costello and Daane , Hanna et al. ), although only a few have utilized flowering summer cover crops (Nicholls et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape diversity and crop vigor outweigh influence of local diversification on biological control of a vineyard pest

et al. 2017

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The influence of local and landscape habitat diversification on biological control of the Western grape leafhopper (Erythroneura elegantula Osborn) by its key parasitoids Anagrus erythroneurae S. Trjapitzin & Chiappini and Anagrus daanei Triapitsyn was studied in wine grape vineyards. At the landscape scale, Anagrus rely on alternative host species in non‐crop habitats outside of the vineyard to successfully overwinter, while at the local scale vineyard diversification can provide resources, such as shelter and floral nectar, which improve parasitoid performance. In a two‐year experiment, plots with and without flowering cover crops were compared in vineyards representing a gradient of landscape diversity. While the cover crops did attract natural enemies, their populations were unchanged in the crop canopy and there was no difference in parasitism rate, leafhopper density, crop quality, or yield. Vineyards in diverse landscapes had higher early‐season abundance of Anagrus spp., which was linked to increased parasitism and decreased late‐season populations of E. elegantula. Leafhopper densities were also positively associated with crop vigor, regardless of landscape or cover crops. Flowering cover crops did increase abundance of some natural enemy species as well as parasitism rate in vineyard landscapes with intermediate levels of diversity, indicating a local × landscape interaction, although this did not lead to reductions in E. elegantula densities. These findings indicate that, in this agroecosystem, landscape diversity mediates and in many ways outweighs the influence of local diversification and that E. elegantula densities were regulated by a combination of biological control and crop vigor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape diversity and crop vigor outweigh influence of local diversification on biological control of a vineyard pest

et al. 2017

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“…Although nodding needlegrass did not depress yield, California barley did. Therefore, California barley can be included with other cover crops or resident vegetation shown to be competitive with grapevines in California (Costello and Daane, 2003;Wolpert et al, 1993). Although yield was not reduced overall under the resident vegetation, the reduction in trunk diameter indicates that this treatment, too, had a competitive effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-native grasses maintained during the growing season compete with the grapevines for water and nitrogen and have led to reductions in grapevine vigor and yield. A cover crop of 'Berber' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) increased water stress and lowered vigor and yield of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' by %50% (Wolpert et al, 1993). Costello and Daane (2003) found summer floor vegetation dominated by barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.)…”

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Growth and Yield of Cultivated Grape with Native Perennial Grasses Nodding Needlegrass or California Barley as Cover Crops

Costello¹

2010

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Two California native perennial grasses, nodding needlegrass [Nassella cernua (Stebbins & R.M. Love) Barkworth] and California barley [Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski ssp. californicum (Covas & Stebbins) Bothmer, N. Jacobsen & Seberg], were compared with a conventional grass cover crop, ‘Blando’ brome (Bromus hordeaceus L.), as well as resident (weedy) vegetation and a clean cultivated control for effects on growth and yield of cultivated grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Barbera). Statistical analyses did not reveal yield differences between treatments with floor vegetation (the native grasses, ‘Blando’ brome, and resident vegetation) and clean cultivation, the cover crop treatments (the native grasses and ‘Blando brome’) and clean cultivation, nor the native grass treatments versus treatments with non-native floor vegetation (‘Blando’ brome and resident vegetation). However, there was a significant difference between the two native grasses with the average yield of nodding needlegrass 26.2% higher than that of California barley. Treatments did not differ in °Brix, berry weight, or pruning weight. At the end of the study, vine trunk diameter was 7.1% higher under the cover crop treatments than resident vegetation. Given these results, in vineyards where a neutral effect on growth or yield is desired, nodding needlegrass would be suitable as a permanent cover crop, whereas California barley would not.

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“…An alternative is the maintenance of a perennial cover crop, which provides similar benefits as an annual cover crop while avoiding the drawbacks of invasive weeds. However, all of the nonnative perennials that have been tested as cover crops in California vineyards or orchards either require summer water or are competitive enough with the vines to decrease vigor or yield (Gulick et al, 1994;Ingels et al, 2005;Prichard et al, 1989;Wolpert et al, 1993). Two studies have evaluated California native grasses in vineyards (Baumgartner et al, 2008;Ingels et al, 2005), and neither found a negative effect on grape yield.…”

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Grapevine and Soil Water Relations with Nodding Needlegrass (Nassella cernua), a California Native Grass, as a Cover Crop

Costello¹

2010

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Nodding needlegrass [Nassella cernua (Stebbins & R.M. Love) Barkworth], a California native perennial grass, was tested for its effects on grapevine and soil–water relations in a drip-irrigated vineyard in Parlier, CA. Vine water status and in-row and between-row soil moisture (at 0.3 m, 0.6 m, 0.9 m, 1.2 m, and 1.5 m) were monitored semiweekly from June to September. There was no overall significant difference in leaf water potential between treatments. In-row soil moisture was lowest at depths of 0.6 m to 0.9 m within the nodding needlegrass treatment but was lowest from 0.3 m to 0.9 m within the clean cultivation treatment. Compared with clean cultivation, nodding needlegrass in-row soil moisture was significantly higher at depths of 0.3 m and 0.6. m and did not differ at depths of 0.9 m and 1.2 m. In contrast, in-row soil moisture was significantly higher under clean cultivation compared with nodding needlegrass at 1.5 m. Between-row soil moisture was significantly higher under clean cultivation compared with nodding needlegrass at every depth. Combining in-row and between-row data, overall vineyard soil moisture was slightly lower, by 1.2% points, in the nodding needlegrass treatment compared with clean cultivation. There was no interaction between treatment and depth for between-row soil moisture, indicating that the vines used little water from the between-row area. The lack of difference between treatments in the rate of soil moisture depletion over the season indicates that nodding needlegrass used little water during the summer. Based on these results, nodding needlegrass appears to be suitable as a permanent cover crop in California drip-irrigated vineyards where competition for summer water is a concern.

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Berber orchardgrass tested as cover crop in commercial vineyard

Cited by 18 publications

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Landscape diversity and crop vigor outweigh influence of local diversification on biological control of a vineyard pest

Landscape diversity and crop vigor outweigh influence of local diversification on biological control of a vineyard pest

Growth and Yield of Cultivated Grape with Native Perennial Grasses Nodding Needlegrass or California Barley as Cover Crops

Grapevine and Soil Water Relations with Nodding Needlegrass (Nassella cernua), a California Native Grass, as a Cover Crop

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