Benzoxazine–epoxy copolymers: effect of molecular weight and crosslinking on thermal and viscoelastic properties

Rao, B.S.; Reddy, K Rajavardhana; Pathak, Sandeep; Pasala, AR

doi:10.1002/pi.1853

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The exothermic peak associated with curing was observed from 230°C to 291°C with a peak maximum of 272.3°C. Compared to our earlier result on bisphenol based benzoxazines, the onset of cure was higher whereas the peak maximum was slightly lower [11].…”

Section: Thermal Polymerization Of Benzoxazine Monomercontrasting

confidence: 64%

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Monofunctional benzoxazine from cardanol for bio-composite applications

Rao

Palanisamy

2011

Reactive and Functional Polymers

140

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Section: Thermal Polymerization Of Benzoxazine Monomercontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Cardanol based benzoxazine was synthesized by a solvent less process adapted from earlier work [10,11].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Cardanol Benzoxazinementioning

confidence: 99%

Monofunctional benzoxazine from cardanol for bio-composite applications

Rao

Palanisamy

2011

Reactive and Functional Polymers

140

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“…Reactive blends of BA-a are finding increasing interest in research and the use of epoxy co-monomers 17,18 are pre-eminent, forming the basis of commercial blends such as the Epsilon resins from Henkel 19 ; the addition of epoxy improving the processing characteristics of the benzoxazine and related ternary blends have been explored using phenolic co-monomers 20,21,22 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the influence of bisphenol A on the polymerisation and network properties of an aromatic benzoxazine

Hassan

Liu

Howlin

et al. 2016

Polymer

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms ABSTRACT: A series of reactive blends, comprising a commercial benzoxazine monomer, 2,2- bis(3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine)propane, and bisphenol A is prepared andcharacterized. Thermal analysis and dynamic rheology reveal how the introduction of up to 15 wt % bisphenol A lead to a significant increase in reactivity (the exothermic peak maximum of thermal polymerization is reduced from 245 ºC to 215 ºC), with a small penalty in glass transition temperature (reduction of 15 K), but similar thermal stability (onset of degradation = 283 ºC, char yield = 26 %). With higher concentrations of bisphenol A (e.g. 25 wt %), a significantly more reactive blend is produced (exothermic peak maximum = 192 ºC), but with a significantly lower thermal stability (onset of degradation = 265 ºC, char yield = 22 %) and glass transition temperature (128 ºC). Attempts to produce a cured plaque containing 35 wt % bisphenol A were unsuccessful, due to brittleness. Molecular modelling is used to replicate successfully the glass transition temperatures (measured using thermal analysis) of a range of copolymers.

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“…The above reaction pathway, i.e. BOX as hardener for EP, was addressed by other researchers studying the related mechanisms [8][9] and the effects of the chemical build-up of the components [8]. Amine compounds may have an acceleration effect (thermal kick-off) on the BOX polymerization as demonstrated by Kimura et al [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, thermal and fracture mechanical properties of benzoxazine-modified amine-cured DGEBA epoxy resins

Grishchuk¹,

Mbhele²,

Schmitt³

et al. 2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. First, traditional diamine hardeners of epoxy resins (EP) were checked as potential accelerators for the benzoxazine (BOX) homopolymerization. It was established that the acceleration effect depends on both the type and amount of the diamine compounds. In the follow-up work amine-curable diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) type EP was modified with BOX keeping the EP/BOX ratio constant (75/25 wt.%). The amine hardeners, added in the EP in stoichiometric amounts, were of aliphatic and aromatic nature, viz. diethylenetriamine (DETA), 4,4!-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), and their 1/1 mixture. The thermal, viscoelastic, flexural and fracture mechanical properties of the EP/BOX hybrids were determined and compared to those of the reference EPs. Based on dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis and atomic force microscopy the formation of co-network between EP and BOX was concluded. Homopolymerized BOX was built in the network in nanoscaled inclusions and it was associated with internal antiplasticization. Incorporation of BOX improved the charring, enhanced the flexural modulus and strength, and reduced the glass transition of the parent EP. The fracture toughness and energy were not improved by hybridization with BOX.

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Benzoxazine–epoxy copolymers: effect of molecular weight and crosslinking on thermal and viscoelastic properties

Cited by 82 publications

References 18 publications

Monofunctional benzoxazine from cardanol for bio-composite applications

Monofunctional benzoxazine from cardanol for bio-composite applications

Examining the influence of bisphenol A on the polymerisation and network properties of an aromatic benzoxazine

Structure, thermal and fracture mechanical properties of benzoxazine-modified amine-cured DGEBA epoxy resins

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