Benzotriazole rhodamine B: effect of adsorption on surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering

Abstract

Polymer films developed for distance detection, containing dye-coated silver particles for ultra-sensitive analysis using surf ace-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS), identified the need for effective SERRS labels that interact strongly with the metal surfaces. Many dyes that are currently used for SERRS can be displaced from the surface owing to the relatively weak surface attachment, and therefore they do not adhere strongly enough to the surface for many practical applications, i.e. to withstand incorporation into environments such as paints, resins and polymers. Rhodamine dyes are very effective in SERRS under ideal laboratory conditions, as shown by the detection of single molecules. The synthesis of 19-[4-(benzotriazole-5-ylsulfamoyl)-2-methylphenyl]-6-diethylaminoxanthen-3-ylidene]diethylammonium (benzotriazole rhodamine B, BTRB), which was designed to give much stronger surface adhesion, was evaluated using SERRS in comparison with two commercially available rhodamine dyes, rhodamine 6G and rhodamine B. The increased strength of interaction with the roughened metal surface was shown to increase the versatility of BTRB in terms of the choice of aggregating agent and also the type of sample prepared. Therefore, the modification of rhodamine dyes to incorporate a benzotriazole group widens the range of practical applications for which they are suitable for detection using SERRS

Recent Advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy I

“…On the basis of a dipole-quadrupole SERS theory, Polubotko 18 discussed some anomalies of the SERS spectra of symmetrical molecules adsorbed on transition metal substrates. McCabe et al 24 showed that it is possible to combine the strong interaction with the metal surface (e.g. Li et al 21 described an investigation for the control of optimal geometric arrangements of adsorbed thin films by entropic depletion interactions between an adsorbent and the metal wall.…”

Acid cleavable surface enhanced raman tagging for protein detection

“…This result is not surprising given the ultrahigh SERS activities (single molecules in some cases) observed with various cationic Rhodamine dyes. 1,40 Another noteworthy observation in Fig. 4 is the remarkable similarity in the STM and Rh-B SERS spectral features.…”

“…Similar effect has been observed with another Rh-B derivative in which the carboxyl group in Rh-B is esterified. 40 In stark contrast to the high similarity in their spectral shape, STM and Rh-B differs tremendously in their pH dependence of the SERS sensitivity. Unlike Rh-B whose SERS signal intensity is strongly pH dependent and its SERS signal is over 100 times higher in a 0.1 M HCl solution than that in a water or 0.1 M NaOH solution, the pH dependence of STM SERS signal is much less dramatic.…”

Brookite Formation in TiO2Ag Nanocomposites and Visible‐Light‐Induced Templated Growth of Ag Nanostructures in TiO2

“…Averaging of the Raman signal under the large laser spot thus results in (almost) identical SERS EF values. We also note that since R6G is highly absorbing at the used laser frequency (514.5 nm) part of the SERS signal may arise from contributions from surface‐enhanced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) 44, 51. Indeed the UV–vis spectra of the irradiated sample illustrated in Figure 4 show a broad plasmonic band between 500 and 600 nm that encompasses both the laser frequency and the absorption band of R6G.…”