Benefits of Tiwai Onion (Eleutherine americana) Extract as Phytopharmaceutical Plant to Inhibit the Growth of Vibrio harveyi Through in-Vitro and in-Vivo

Abstract

HighlightsEleutherine americana was a plant that was known to contain antibacterial alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, and flavonoidsEleutherine americana extract was able to inhibit the development of V. harveyi both through in vitro and in vivo tests on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).The use of vibriosis antibiotics in tiger shrimp was often not controlled so the results obtained were not effective AbstractThe use of vibriosis antibiotics in tiger shrimp was often not controlled, so the results obtained were not effective. The addition of antibiotics would cause resistance to V. harveyi. Eleutherine americana is a plant that is known to contain antibacterial alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and flavonoids. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of inhibitory effects of E. americana extract against V. harveyi through in-vitro and in-vivo tests on tiger shrimp larvae. In-vitro testing consisted of 7 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatments A (0.1%), B (0.2%), C (0.3%), D (0.4%), E (0, 5%), F ethanol 70% (K-), and G chloramphenicol 0.01% (K +) treatment. The largest inhibition zone diameter of E. americana extract was shown in treatment C (0.3%), with an average value of the inhibition zone produced of 7.5 mm. Challenge test with V. harveyi concentration of 107 CFU / ml in the in-vivo test consisted of 5 treatments and four replications namely; A treatment without E. americana extract, B extract 6 ppm, C extract 12 ppm, D extract 18 ppm, and treatment E without extract and V. harveyi. The results of the challenge test with V. harveyi bacteria were significantly different in control (chloramphenicol 0.01%), where the highest survival rate was in the treatment of 12 ppm extract (43.34%). E. americana extract could inhibit the development of V. harveyi bacteria both through in-vitro and in-vivo tests on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

Exploration of Bioactive Compounds Potency of Extract Namanereis sp. (Polychaeta: Annelida) as an Antibacterial Agent Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

“…Inhibition zones of 32±1 mm in S. aureus and 22.33±15.37 mm in E. coli (Table 2.) reinforce the findings of previous studies, which stated that the greater the concentration of the test, the greater the inhibition zone formed (Azis and Cahyadi, 2020).…”

Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Beluntas leaves on Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis

“…There are multiple contributing factors that affect the inhibitory zone, in which are the amount of bacteria being used, bacterial growth speed, bacterial sensitivity, type of bacteria, toxicity of the test material, temperature and the interaction between medium and micro-environment in vitro. 11,16,17 P. gingivalis also has a smallest inhibitory zone diameter compared to S. mutans and E. faecalis. This may occur because of the composition of the cell wall P. gingivalis.…”

Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Leaf Extract from Mangrove Plant (Avicennia Marina) on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shrimps

“…Some of these plants are known to have bioactivity against disease-causing pathogens. For example, the tiwai onion (Eleutherine Americana) has been shown to strongly inhibit the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) and Vibrio harvey (Azis, 2019;Azis and Cahyadi, 2020).…”