Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats

Abstract

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) has the potential to attenuate lipid disturbances and insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we elucidated the physiological responses and mechanisms of JA intervention with a comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Wistar rats were fed a control diet, a 60 % fructose-enriched diet (FRU), or a FRU with 10 % JA (n 6 -7) for 4 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on day 21. Liver samples were collected for biochemical and global gene expression analyses (GeneChip w Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, Affymetrix). Fructose feeding resulted in IR and hepatic TAG accumulation; dietary JA supplementation significantly improved these changes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that the expression of malic enzyme 1 (Me1), associated with fatty acid synthesis; decorin (Dcn), related to fibrosis; and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 (Cyp1a2) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), associated with inflammation, was differentially altered by the FRU, whereas dietary JA supplementation significantly improved the expression of these genes. We established for the first time the molecular mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of JA in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We propose that 10 % JA supplementation may be beneficial for the prevention of the onset of these diseases.

Impact of Dietary Fibers on Nutrient Management and Detoxification Organs: Gut, Liver, and Kidneys

“…For example, inulin supplementation downregulated the expression of connective tissue growth factor and decorin, which are known to play a role in fibrosis (148). These findings may shed light on new hepatic regulators relevant to NASH and NAFLD that are influenced by DF.…”

“…With respect to the liver, a study that supplemented rats with an inulin-rich fiber (10% of diet by weight for 4 wk) on the background of a high-fructose diet found decreased liver TGs along with differential expression of 147 hepatic genes including genes related not only to lipid metabolism but also to fibrosis and inflammation (148). For example, inulin supplementation downregulated the expression of connective tissue growth factor and decorin, which are known to play a role in fibrosis (148).…”

Eggshell membrane ameliorates hepatic fibrogenesis in human C3A cells and rats through changes in PPARγ-Endothelin 1 signaling

“…We extracted the total RNA from harvested cells and frozen rat liver by using TRIzol reagent1 and the RNA Isolation Kit34, respectively. The primers for the real-time RT-PCR analysis were designed using a web application (PRIMER3), and their sequences are given in Suppl.…”

Fructans from Agave tequilana with a Lower Degree of Polymerization Prevent Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Liver Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

“…For example, these non-digestible carbohydrates have been demonstrated to reduce weight gain and related metabolic disorders via specific actions on food intake [5–7]. Most of these findings have been obtained following supplementation with inulin-type fructans from Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus ) and chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) [8]. The inulin from these sources comprises linear chains of β (2–1) fructans (unbranched).…”