Beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids included in an energy-restricted diet on insulin resistance in overweight and obese European young adults

Aim: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a pathogenic fat depot that may be associated with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Because eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to exert cardiovascular protective effects, we aimed to assess the effects of EPA on the volume of visceral adipose tissue, including EAT and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), using multislice computed tomography (CT). A similar negative correlation in these parameters was also observed for the EAT volume. Conclusions: Oral intake of purified EPA appears to be associated with reductions in EAT and AVAT volumes.

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“…These findings are consistent with previous studies 49,50) . In wild-type mice, dietary n-3 PUFA but not n-6 GPR120.…”

Section: Epa and Diabetes Mellitussupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment on Epicardial and Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volumes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Sato

Kameyama

Ohori³

et al. 2014

JAT

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“…We found no effect of FO on glucose homeostasis and HOMA, which is in line with findings by Pedersen et al (2010) in teenage boys and findings from studies in adults (Egert et al 2008;Giacco et al 2007). In contrast, other studies in adults have observed improved insulin sensitivity as a consequence of fish intake or FO supplementation (Abete et al 2008;Ramel et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

et al. 2014

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Long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) improve blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile in adults and improve insulin sensitivity in rodents. We have previously shown that n-3 LCPUFA reduces BP and plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) in infants. Few studies have found effects on glucose homeostasis in humans. We explored possible effect modification by FADS, PPARG2, and COX2 genotypes to support potential effects of n-3 LCPUFA on metabolic markers in infants. Danish infants (133) were randomly allocated to daily supplementation with a teaspoon (*5 mL/day) of fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO) from 9 to 18 months of age. Before and after the intervention, we assessed BP, erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA, plasma lipid profile, insulin, and glucose in addition to functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS, PPARG2, and COX2. At 18 months, plasma TAG was lower in the FO compared with SO group (p = 0.014). This effect was modified by PPARG2-Pro12Ala, as TAG only decreased among heterozygotes. FO supplemented PPARG2 Pro12Ala heterozygotes also had decreased plasma glucose compared with the SO group (p = 0.043). The effect of FO on mean arterial BP at 18 months was gender dependent (p = 0.020) and reduced in boys only (p = 0.028). Diastolic BP was, however, lower among all FO supplemented homozygous COX2-T8473C variant allele carriers compared with the SO group (p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results confirm that FO supplementation in late infancy reduces TAG and BP and indicates that the effects are mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, FO reduced plasma glucose only in PPARG2 heterozygotes.

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“…Previous studies have focused upon types of seafood that may be beneficial in preventing MS and possibly reducing the risk of various diseases (8,9). The reduced incidence of CVD among populations consuming fish-rich diets has been attributed to a greater proportion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sardine protein diet increases plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and prevents tissue oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose diet

Madani

Sener²,

Malaisse³

et al. 2015

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. The current study investigated whether sardine protein mitigates the adverse effects of fructose on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and oxidative stress in rats. Rats were fed casein (C) or sardine protein (S) with or without high-fructose (HF) for 2 months. Plasma glucose, insulin, GLP-1, lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes were assayed. HF rats developed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and oxidative stress despite reduced energy and food intakes. High plasma creatinine and uric acid levels, in addition to albuminuria were observed in the HF groups. The S-HF diet reduced plasma glucose, insulin, creatinine, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index levels, however increased GLP-1 levels compared with the C-HF diet. Hydroperoxides were reduced in the liver, kidney, heart and muscle of S-HF fed rats compared with C-HF fed rats. A reduction in liver, kidney and heart carbonyls was observed in S-HF fed rats compared with C-HF fed rats. Reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) were detected in the liver, kidney and heart of the S-HF fed rats compared with C-HF fed rats. The S diet compared with the C diet reduced levels of liver hydroperoxides, heart carbonyls and kidney NO. The S-HF diet compared with the C-HF diet increased the levels of liver and kidney superoxide dismutase, liver and muscle catalase, liver, heart and muscle glutathione peroxidase and liver ascorbic acid. The S diet prevented and reversed insulin resistance and oxidative stress, and may have benefits in patients with metabolic syndrome.

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Beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids included in an energy-restricted diet on insulin resistance in overweight and obese European young adults

Cited by 109 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment on Epicardial and Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volumes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment on Epicardial and Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volumes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

Sardine protein diet increases plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and prevents tissue oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose diet

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