Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study

Jönsson, Tommy; Granfeldt, Yvonne; Åhrén, Bo; Branell, Ulla-Carin; Pålsson, Gunvor; Hansson, Anita C.; Söderström, Mats; Lindeberg, Staffan

doi:10.1186/1475-2840-8-35

Cited by 226 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…She did not consume offal on a regular basis. This version of the paleolithic diet conforms neither to the paleolithic diet as originally described by Cordain [11] or Lindeberg [14] nor any of those versions in previously published clinical studies of the paleolithic diet [15,16,17,18]. We therefore refer to this diet as a 'popular paleolithic diet' because it appears to arise from a mixture of scientific and unscientific information, much of which is probably gleaned from dubious sources on the internet.…”

Section: The Popular Paleolithic Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Cessation of Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) by the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A Case Report

Tóth¹,

Schimmer²

2018

JCRT

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Background: Ketogenic diets have repeatedly been suggested for the treatment of cancer. To date, only a few case studies reporting long term benefits associated with such diets have been published. Case report: Here we present a case where recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a premalignant condition of cervical cancer, was successfully treated with the paleolithic ketogenic diet. The patient had a history of high grade CIN in 2011, which was successfully treated with cervical conization and fractional curettage. In October 2015 she was found to have a recurrence of high grade CIN (HSIL: High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion). The patient was then commenced on the paleolithic ketogenic diet and her repeat Pap (Papanicolaou) smear three months later was found to have reverted to normal. The patient has remained on the paleolithic ketogenic diet for 26 months, her repeat smears have stayed normal, and she is free of symptoms and side effects. Conclusion: We conclude that the diet was effective and safe in this patient. As a major benefit the patient was able to avoid a hysterectomy, which is the standard treatment for recurrent high-grade CIN. We believe that the paleolithic ketogenic diet combines benefits of both paleolithic and classical ketogenic diets, while excluding their disadvantages.

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Section: The Popular Paleolithic Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Cessation of Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) by the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A Case Report

Tóth¹,

Schimmer²

2018

JCRT

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“…In obese individuals [149] and healthy subjects who underwent eccentric exercise training [150], the inflammatory state was further augmented postprandially through a high CHO intake, but not through high-fat, low CHO meals in the latter study. Maybe more importantly, even moderate CHO restriction has been shown to effectively target several important markers of atherosclerosis and type II diabetes, both of which are associated with chronic inflammation [151][152][153][154][155][156][157]. Forsythe et al showed that in overweight individuals with dyslipidemia a very low CHO diet had a more favorable effect than a low fat diet in reducing several markers of inflammation [158].…”

Section: Avoidance Of Chronic Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Support To Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery

Coles¹

2013

Clinical Nutrition

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Over the last years, evidence has accumulated suggesting that by systematically reducing the amount of dietary carbohydrates (CHOs) one could suppress, or at least delay, the emergence of cancer, and that proliferation of already existing tumor cells could be slowed down. This hypothesis is supported by the association between modern chronic diseases like the metabolic syndrome and the risk of developing or dying from cancer. CHOs or glucose, to which more complex carbohydrates are ultimately digested, can have direct and indirect effects on tumor cell proliferation: first, contrary to normal cells, most malignant cells depend on steady glucose availability in the blood for their energy and biomass generating demands and are not able to metabolize significant amounts of fatty acids or ketone bodies due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Second, high insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels resulting from chronic ingestion of CHO-rich Western diet meals, can directly promote tumor cell proliferation via the insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway. Third, ketone bodies that are elevated when insulin and blood glucose levels are low, have been found to negatively affect proliferation of different malignant cells in vitro or not to be usable by tumor cells for metabolic demands, and a multitude of mouse models have shown antitumorigenic properties of very low CHO ketogenic diets. In addition, many cancer patients exhibit an altered glucose metabolism characterized by insulin resistance and may profit from an increased protein and fat intake. In this review, we address the possible beneficial effects of low CHO diets on cancer prevention and treatment. Emphasis will be placed on the role of insulin and IGF1 signaling in tumorigenesis as well as altered dietary needs of cancer patients.

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“…Similarly, in a clinical trial on normal healthy sedentary subjects that consumed a Paleolithic diet (lean meat, fruit, vegetables and nuts) for 10 days, there was an observable improvement in blood pressure, a decrease in insulin secretion, an increase in insulin sensitivity, and an improvement in blood lipid profiles [3]. Equally, in a randomized cross-over study of three months duration, diabetic patients receiving a Paleolithic diet (lean meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs, and nuts) showed a reduction in body weight, BMI and waist circumference, lower HbA1c, TAG and diastolic blood pressure, and an improvement in glycaemic control [12]. These studies are further supported by Lindeberg et al [13] who reported that patients with ischemic heart disease concomitant with glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes had a large improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance when receiving a Paleolithic diet.…”

Section: Insulin Resistance and Our "Primitive" Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Genes and Modern Disease: A Current Dilemma or a Legacy of our Past

Myers

Williamson²

2014

J Diabetes Metab 2013

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Contemporary humans are genetically adapted to the environment that their ancestors survived in and that consequently selected their genetic makeup. Since the agricultural revolution some 10,000 years ago, the lifestyles and dietary requirements of modern humans have changed dramatically. It is suggested that these changes have occurred too recently on an evolutionary time scale for the modern human genome to adapt. Therefore, our ancestral genome is ill-suited for our current modern consumption and existence, and thus contributes to diseases associated with contemporary lifestyles, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. It is therefore suggested that a diet similar to our ancestors could circumvent many of our modern illnesses and serve as a reference for better nutrition, health, and longevity. Although this model should certainly be commended for its simplistic dietary practices that no doubt improve health and well-being; its premise is cemented in the thrifty genome hypothesis and the fact that humans are modern hunters and gatherers whose genome is ill-suited for modern diets. This is a disjointed view of modern humans and our ability to evolve under different eco regions and nutritional pressures through post-genomic and post-transcriptional changes in our genome. Accordingly, a major challenge associated with nutritional research is to understand how these changes in our genome reflect on our nutrition habits and lifestyles to ameliorate many of our modern lifestyle diseases.

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Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study

Abstract: Background: Our aim was to compare the effects of a Paleolithic ('Old Stone Age') diet and a diabetes diet as generally recommended on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin.

Cited by 226 publications

References 65 publications

Complete Cessation of Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) by the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A Case Report

Complete Cessation of Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) by the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet: A Case Report

Nutrition Support To Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery

Nutrition, Genes and Modern Disease: A Current Dilemma or a Legacy of our Past

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