Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term efficacy of aged garlic extract to improve periodontitis. Two hundred and one participants were randomly stratified and assigned equally to the regimen group or the control group. At the start, 12 month, and 18 month subjects received dental examination and periodontal evaluation. Probing Pocket Depth and Gingival Recession were examined. For each efficacy parameter, the mean value of examination was calculated and assessed using paired-difference t tests. Statistical tests were two-sided using a 5% significance level. The mean value of pocket depth for the aged garlic extract group at 18 month was 1.06 ± 0.49 as compared to the baseline value of 1.89 ± 0.74 ( p <0.001) and the corresponding value of 1.50 ± 0.46 for the placebo group ( p <0.001), indicating the beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis. According to a Multiple linear regression analysis the only three variables which reached statistical significance as predictors of PPD level were the baseline PPD scores ( p <0.001), smoking ( p = 0.020), and consumption of daily dose of aged garlic extract ( p <0.001). These results demonstrated that aged garlic extract is an effective supplement for preventing or improving periodontal disease. The well demonstrated benefits of aged garlic extract for the oral disease may also be used as a means to improve general health because of the close relationship between periodontitis and some systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and others.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies

“…They also inhibit the propagation of tumour cells in vitro through the induction of apoptosis [ 85 ]. A randomized clinical trial study found that an oral intake of AGE tablets (300 mg AGE powder) for 18 months was an effective supplement for preventing and improving periodontal disease, a chronic inflammation resulting from progressive detachment of gum tissue from the tooth [ 86 ]. Clinical studies also suggested that daily consumption of AGE for at least four months could reduce gingival inflammation and bleeding [ 58 ].…”

“…After 10 months, the mean value of pocket depth for AGE was 1.06 0.49, compared to the baseline value of 1.50 0.46, indicating that AGE can prevent or improve periodontitis. As a result, bioactive compounds in garlic appear to suppress the growth of oral infections and some proteases, which is particularly important for treating periodontitis patients [ 86 ].…”

“…Salvadora persica ethanol extract and Aloe vera gel exhibited higher efficacy than most widely used chlorohexidine against cariogenic bacteria [ 109 ]. A randomized controlled, double-blind clinical study demonstrated that AGE effectively prevents periodontal disease [ 86 ].…”

S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme-epidermal growth factor receptor axis in human gingival fibroblasts

“…In support of this result, our recent study showed that AGE and its sulfur constituents such as S1PC suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory responses in human gingival epithelial Ca9-22 cells [28]. In another clinical study, daily intake of AGE for 18 months reduced probing pocket depth [29], suggesting that AGE is useful for preventing the progression of periodontal disease by suppressing gingival inflammation and destruction. In the present study, we assessed the possible mechanism of AGE action on the destruction of the gingiva by examining whether S1PC, one of the major sulfur bioactive compounds in AGE, inhibits P. gingivalisderived LPS-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human gingival fibroblasts HGF-1 cells.…”

“…AGE contains several bioactive sulfur-containing amino acids, including S-allyl-Lcysteine, S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine (S1PC), and S-allyl-L-mercaptocysteine that possess such properties as antioxidation [19,20], anti-inflammation [21][22][23], and immunomodulation [24][25][26]. A clinical trial on patients with mild to moderate periodontitis demonstrated that daily intake of AGE for 4 months improved gingival bleeding index [27]. In support of this result, our recent study showed that AGE and its sulfur constituents such as S1PC suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory responses in human gingival epithelial Ca9-22 cells [28].…”