Benchmarking time-of-flight based depth measurement techniques

Süss, Andreas; Rochus, Véronique; Rosmeulen, M.; Rottenberg, Xavier

doi:10.1117/12.2212478

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is usually paired with a high sensitivity receiver therefore gains significant momentum as Si CMOS based single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) matures in recent years. The light pulse travel time can be calculated by a time-correlated Geier mode detection method [7] or by a coincidence detection method which better tackles a premature sampling issue [8].…”

Section: Distance Calculation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Si Photonics for Practical LiDAR Solutions

et al. 2019

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In the article the authors discuss light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for automotive applications and the potential roles Si photonics can play in practice. The authors review published research work on Si photonics optical phased array (OPA) and other relevant devices in the past decade with in-depth technical analysis with respect to practical system design considerations. The commercialization status of certain LiDAR technologies is briefly introduced.

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Section: Distance Calculation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Si Photonics for Practical LiDAR Solutions

et al. 2019

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“…In terms of realizing the specifications of obstacle recognition and FoV surveillance in automotive applications, typically, scanner systems are the preferred technology in the market. 5,6 Concerning transmission power consumption, the trade-off between meaningful measurement distances (<100 m) 6,7 and horizontal FoV dimensions (>AE20 deg) 8 is obligatory for flash LiDAR systems. The power consumption exceeds by factors compared to that of scanner systems, which is why the common operating range of flash systems is around 0.1 to 25 m. 3,7 The state-of-the-art laser scanner systems in automotive applications are based on transmission signal deflection modules with large, heavy and expensive oscillating or rotating mirrors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The range of angular resolution is around 0.01 deg to 0.5 deg with an angular uncertainty up to 0.015 deg. [5][6][7][8][9] However, the large construction size, the fine mechanics setup, as well as low potential of automated high volume manufacturing seem to be the major drawbacks of this kind of scanner design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser scanner module with large sending aperture and inherent high angular position accuracy for three-dimensional light detecting and ranging

2019

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One design of the state-of-the-art laser scanner systems in automotive applications is based on oscillating mirror modules. The requirement of a large mirror surface for eye-safe transmission beams and long measurement distances is a major drawback for fast and reproducible scanning. Tolerances of angular positioning, position sensing, and vibrational perturbations limit the position accuracy of such a mirror and, thus, the accuracy of the transmission spot position in the field of view (FoV). Our approach for a scanner module with maximum transmission beam diameter combines a microlens array with an objective lens for generating one optical telescope assembly for each angular scan position exclusively. Aperture stops define the beam positions in the FoV and avoid positioning errors caused by angle deviations of the scanner mirror. This increases the reliability of the angular position accuracy of the scanner module significantly. To minimize the shadings between adjacent scan spots in the target distance, created by beam cutoffs at the aperture stop of the objective lens, an array of optimized microwedge prisms is provided in combination with the microlens array. Therefore, we can increase the throughput of transmission power into the FoV and improve the measurement distance, especially at large scan angles. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…LIDAR operates by emitting a laser pulse and the time-of-flight (ToF) need to travel from the transmitter to a target object and back [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The main drawback of pulsed scanning LIDAR is that its maximum measurable range is proportional to the maximum pulse repetition period, and high-angular-resolution scanning is only possible at low revolutions per second.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Biaxial Scanning Light Detection and Ranging System Based on Coded Laser Pulses without Idle Listening Time

Kim

Park

2018

Sensors

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The goal of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems is to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional distance images with high refresh rates and long distances. In scanning LIDAR systems, an idle listening time between pulse transmission and reception is a significant obstacle to accomplishing this goal. We apply intensity-modulated direct detection (IM/DD) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) using nonreturn-to-zero on-off keying to eliminate the idle listening time in scanning LIDAR systems. The transmitter records time information while emitting a coded laser pulse in the measurement angle derived from the pixel information as the measurement direction. The receiver extracts and decodes the reflected laser pulses and estimates the distance to the target using time-of-flight until the pulse is received after being transmitted. Also, we rely on a series of pulses and eliminate alien pulses via several detection decision steps to enhance the robustness of the decision result. We built a prototype system and evaluated its performance by measuring black matte and white paper walls and assessing object detection by measuring a watering can in front of the black matte paper wall. This LIDAR system eliminated both shot and background noises in the reception process and measured greater distances with improvements in accuracy and precision.

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Benchmarking time-of-flight based depth measurement techniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Si Photonics for Practical LiDAR Solutions

Si Photonics for Practical LiDAR Solutions

Laser scanner module with large sending aperture and inherent high angular position accuracy for three-dimensional light detecting and ranging

Independent Biaxial Scanning Light Detection and Ranging System Based on Coded Laser Pulses without Idle Listening Time

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