Below-repiacement fertility in Tropical Africa? Some evidence from Addis Ababa

Kinfu, Yohannes

doi:10.1007/bf03029448

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The relationship between education and length of first birth interval seems to be indirect. Increase in women's educational level in Ethiopia is associated with improved labour force participation, access to media, and enhanced social status (Kinfu 2000). These lead to changes in value orientations related to gender roles, women's autonomy, traditional roles of marriage, and norms of spouse selection (Mensch et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this analysis, the marital-conception-first birth sequence was used as a dependent variable to define the first birth interval. Though premarital conception and premarital birth could lead to first birth, these sequences were not considered as their chances of occurrence were rare in Ethiopia, where birth outof-wedlock has no societal acceptance (Kinfu 2000;Molla et al 2008;Ayalu and Lindstrom, 2014). As consensual union (living together before formally getting married) and the time gap between marriage ceremony and marriage registration is limited to major urban towns (if any), its effect on first birth interval would be minimal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming the predominant occurrence of birth in marital union, increasing age at first marriage is believed to delay time of first birth. Although numerous studies (Kinfu 2000;Pathfinder Ethiopia 2006) investigated factors affecting the timing of marriage, little has been done on the relationship between the timings of first marriage and first birth. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to examine socio-economic and demographic factors that determine the interval between first marriage and first birth and the mechanism by which these factors operate in the Ethiopian context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

Gurmu

Etana

2014

APS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

Gurmu

Etana

2014

APS

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“…We assume a decline in the Total Fertility Rate from 2.14 in 1995 to 1.94 in 2000 and 1.80 in 2007. These values reflect that fertility in Addis Ababa is below replacement [27, 28]. For migration, we follow CSA’s high variant assumption of a constant number of in-migrants at the 1994 level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steep declines in population-level AIDS mortality following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Reniers

Araya

Davey

et al. 2009

Aids

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Objectives Assessments of population-level effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in Africa are rare. We use data from burial sites to estimate trends in adult AIDS mortality and the mitigating effects of ART in Addis Ababa. ART has been available since 2003, and for free since 2005. Methods To substitute for deficient vital registration, we use surveillance of burials at all cemeteries. We present trends in all-cause mortality, and estimate AIDS mortality (ages 20–64) from lay reports of causes of death. These lay reports are first used as a diagnostic test for the true cause of death. As reference standard we use the cause of death established via verbal autopsy interviews conducted in 2004. The Positive Predictive Value and Sensitivity are subsequently used as anchors to estimate the number of AIDS deaths for the period 2001–2007. Estimates are compared with Spectrum projections. Results Between 2001 and 2005, the number of AIDS deaths declined by 21.9% and 9.3% for men and women, respectively. Between 2005 and 2007, the number of AIDS deaths declined by 38.2% for men and 42.9% for women. Compared to the expected number in the absence of ART, the reduction in AIDS deaths in 2007 is estimated between 56.8% and 63.3%, depending on the coverage of the burial surveillance. Conclusion Five years into the ART program, adult AIDS mortality has been reduced by more than half. Following the free provision of ART in 2005, the decline accelerated and became more gender balanced. Substantial AIDS mortality, however, persists.

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“…Between 1990 and 2000, the total fertility rate in Addis Ababa dropped by 39 percent, from 3.1 to 1.9 births per woman. The already low fertility in the capital (by national standards) had become even lower, and for the first time ever, below-replacement fertility was recorded in an African city (Kinfu 2000;CSA and ORC Macro 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proximate Determinants of the Decline to Below‐replacement Fertility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Sibanda¹,

Woubalem

Hogan

et al. 2003

Studies in Family Planning

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Between 1990 and 2000, the total fertility rate (TFR) in Ethiopia declined moderately from 6.4 to 5.9 children per woman of reproductive age. During the same period, the TFR in the capital city of Addis Ababa declined from 3.1 to 1.9 children per woman. Even more striking than the magnitude of this decline is that it occurred in the absence of a strong and effective national family planning program. In this study, the components of this fertility decline are identified using the Bongaarts framework of the proximate determinants of fertility. The results of a decomposition analysis indicate that a decrease in the age-specific proportions of women who are married, followed by an increase in contraceptive use are the most important mechanisms by which fertility has declined in Addis Ababa. Poor employment prospects and relatively high housing costs are likely factors that encourage couples to delay marriage and reduce marital fertility.

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Below-repiacement fertility in Tropical Africa? Some evidence from Addis Ababa

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

Steep declines in population-level AIDS mortality following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The Proximate Determinants of the Decline to Below‐replacement Fertility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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