Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

Gurmu, Eshetu; Etana, Dula

doi:10.11564/0-0-625

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Comparison of our findings with the few published studies from Ethiopia is not warranted due to methodological differences as well as the amount and nature of data used in our analyses. Nevertheless, there are indications from previous studies in Ethiopia of a decline in adolescent childbearing since the 1970s [15, 16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent childbearing trends and sub-national variations in Ethiopia: a pooled analysis of data from six surveys

Mekonnen¹,

Telake²,

Wolde³

2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundEthiopia houses the second largest population of female adolescents in Africa. Adolescent childbearing can have detrimental effect to the health and wellbeing of women and their offspring. This study examined trends, sub-national variations and determinants of early childbearing (i.e. childbearing before age 20) in Ethiopia.MethodsData from the 2000–2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys and from the 2014–2016 Performance Monitoring and Accountability surveys were pooled for this analysis. Based on the year the women reached puberty, five different cohorts were reconstructed that date back to the early 1970s. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to estimate the cumulative probability of early childbearing and a Cox proportional hazard regression model to examine the associated factors.ResultsThe cumulative probability of early childbearing declined by approximately two-fifth in the past four decades, from 57.6 to 35.3%. The occurrence of early childbearing varies substantially by region. In the most recent period, it ranged from 9.6% in Addis Ababa to 59% in Benishangul-Gumuz. Early childbearing risk was reduced by 95% for women who did not marry before the age of 20 years compared to those who married before the age of 18 years. For adolescents who married at the age of 18 and 19 years, early childbearing risk decreased by 60 and 78%, respectively. During the same period, there was a parallel decline in the cumulative probability of early marriage (i.e., before the legal age of 18 years) from 55.3 to 28.7%. Compared with adolescents with no education, those with elementary and secondary or higher education had a 50 and 82% lower risk of early childbearing, respectively.ConclusionsEarly childbearing declined in Ethiopia, largely driven by a parallel reduction in early marriage. However, a large portion of adolescents are still facing early childbearing, and the situation is more dismal in some regions than others. A further reduction in early childbearing is warranted by enforcing the law on the minimum marriage age and expanding secondary and higher education for females. These efforts should give greater emphasis to regions where early childbearing is markedly high.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent childbearing trends and sub-national variations in Ethiopia: a pooled analysis of data from six surveys

Mekonnen¹,

Telake²,

Wolde³

2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…On the other hand, socio-cultural norms to continue the family lineage and to secure one's place in the household (45) may trump the effect of any increased autonomy on the timing of children after marriage. Broader factors may also be important such as nutritional status and reproductive maturity that determine the capacity to conceive offspring (50,51). Such factors may increase the marriage to first birth interval among uneducated women, obscuring our expected relationship between increased education and the marriage to first birth interval.…”

Section: Key Findings and Policy And Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such factors may increase the marriage to first birth interval among uneducated women, obscuring our expected relationship between increased education and the marriage to first birth interval. For example, studies in both Ethiopia (50) and Nepal (51) found that couples where the woman married at a young age delayed co-residence after marriage and hence also sexual relations, and this may increase the interval between marriage and first birth. Schoolbased sexual and reproductive health programmes such as "adolescent corners" could help girls to better negotiate the decision to get pregnant (52).…”

Section: Key Findings and Policy And Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Education Is Needed to Delay Women's Age at Marriage and First Pregnancy?

Marphatia

Saville

Amable

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Background It is common for older people to become grandparents in later life. However, the impacts of grandparenting on their health and well-being remain under-investigated, especially in Chinese society where family is in the core of culture. The current study explored the relationship between grandparenthood and Chinese older people's health and psychological well-being in Hong Kong. Methods Data was collected from a sample of 1,208 Hong Kong Chinese older people aged 55 and above through a telephone survey conducted in 2019. Participants were grouped into three categories: current grandparents (n = 507), grandparents-to-be (n = 275), and grandparents-not-to-be (n = 426).. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between grandparenting status and health and well-being outcomes, including self-rated physical health, mental health, resilience, and happiness, while controlling for age, gender, education, marital status, nancial status, and physical activity level. Results Bivariate analyses suggested statistically signi cant differences between health and well-being across the three groups of participants. Regression models showed that, when compared with grandparents-not-to-be, being a current grandparent was associated with a signi cantly higher level of happiness, while being a future grandparent was associated with signi cantly higher levels of happiness, resilience, and self-rated physical health. Conclusions The current study offers preliminary insights into the signi cant relationship between grandparenthood and older adults' health and well-being. It calls for future studies to further explore the mechanisms behind the bene ts of grandparenthood. Grandparenting is a potentially good starting point to build older adults' capacity to promote healthy ageing.

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“…Based on an extensive literature review and scope of the dataset, the following explanatory variables were selected and used in this study: rst sexual debut, abortion status, religion, marital status, employment status, place of residence, parity, nancial status and education. 1,9,12,22,27 Study variables characterizing adolescent childbirths were coded as described in Table 1. Table 1 Summary of study variables used in the study Hazard model: Cox proportional hazards regression with shared frailty to account for clustering at the community level was speci ed to estimate risk factors of adolescent childbirth and their 95% con dence interval.…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the correlates of adolescent childbirths are complex and interactive. Previous studies found many predictors of adolescent childbearing predominantly in higher-income countries, 1,9,[26][27][28] however, the authors presented opposing views that could be blamed on the different study contexts, sample sizes, and methods. Although some studies in Ghana have predicted adolescent childbirths, 12,22 yet none of the studies in Ghana have fully evaluated both the individual-level determinants and community effect on adolescent childbirth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Determinants of Adolescent Childbirths in Ghana: Results from a nationwide survey

Dankwah¹

2020

Preprint

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Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ghana.Methods: This research studied reproductive-aged women who were systematically sampled in Ghana. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression with shared frailty were fitted on a nationwide population-based data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) to predict adolescent childbirth.Results: The analysis revealed that approximately 49% initiated childbirth during adolescence. This study found higher adolescent childbirth rates among women who were not working (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) =1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07 to 1.29) and resided in rural areas (AHR =1.22; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.37). In addition, poor women (AHR= 1.71; 95% CI = 1.49 to 1.95) and middle-class women (AHR=1.67; 95% CI = 1.48 to 1.88) had a higher likelihood of having adolescent birth compared to the rich. Lastly, secondary and higher educated women were 0.74 (95% CI= 0.67 to 0.82) and 0.10 (95% CI= 0.06 to 0.16) times less likely to have adolescent birth, respectively.Conclusions: This research revealed that adolescent childbearing was greatly influenced by socioeconomically disadvantaged background within the contexts of the women and the community in which they reside. This finding suggests the need to initiate and improve interventions that seek to reduce poverty among women and to promote and encourage adolescent girls to pursue secondary and higher education to help reduce unintended adolescent childbirths. Finally, adolescent girls should be empowered through counseling and education on reproductive and sexual health options and rights to ensure more informed decision-making about contraception.

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Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

Abstract: The ages at which females establish marital union and give first birth depend on

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Adolescent childbearing trends and sub-national variations in Ethiopia: a pooled analysis of data from six surveys

Adolescent childbearing trends and sub-national variations in Ethiopia: a pooled analysis of data from six surveys

How Much Education Is Needed to Delay Women's Age at Marriage and First Pregnancy?

Sociodemographic Determinants of Adolescent Childbirths in Ghana: Results from a nationwide survey

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