Behavioral Processes in Long-Lag Intervention Studies

Miller, Dale T.; Dannals, Jennifer; Zlatev, Julian Jake

doi:10.1177/1745691616681645

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(87 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For truly long-term change, it may be necessary for a person to establish patterns of behavior that support the newly changed psychological processes (Miller, Dannals, & Zlatev, in press; Yeager & Walton, 2011). In this sense, the habit-breaking intervention’s effects on people’s tendencies to notice and label bias may have been critical for the intervention’s persistence because these behaviors may have created a feedback loop with people’s increased concern about discrimination – an increased tendency to notice and label the biases of others should lead to increased concern, and increased concern should also lead to noticing and labeling the biases of others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the prejudice habit: Mechanisms, timecourse, and longevity

Forscher

Mitamura

Dix

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

166

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prejudice habit-breaking intervention (Devine et al., 2012) and its offshoots (e.g., Carnes et al., 2012) have shown promise in effecting long-term change in key outcomes related to intergroup bias, including increases in awareness, concern about discrimination, and, in one study, long-term decreases in implicit bias. This intervention is based on the premise that unintentional bias is like a habit that can be broken with sufficient motivation, awareness, and effort. We conducted replication of the original habit-breaking intervention experiment in a sample more than three times the size of the original (N = 292). We also measured all outcomes every other day for 14 days and measured potential mechanisms for the intervention’s effects. Consistent with previous results, the habit-breaking intervention produced a change in concern that endured two weeks post-intervention. These effects were associated with increased sensitivity to the biases of others and an increased tendency to label biases as wrong. Contrasting with the original work, both control and intervention participants decreased in implicit bias, and the effects of the habit-breaking intervention on awareness declined in the second week of the study. In a subsample recruited two years later, intervention participants were more likely than control participants to object on a public online forum to an essay endorsing racial stereotyping. Our results suggest that the habit-breaking intervention produces enduring changes in peoples’ knowledge of and beliefs about race-related issues, and we argue that these changes are even more important for promoting long-term behavioral change than are changes in implicit bias.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the prejudice habit: Mechanisms, timecourse, and longevity

Forscher

Mitamura

Dix

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

166

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…starting to look over the problems missed on the assignment so they have a better chance of performing better on the next assignment). These more WISE INTERVENTIONS FOR YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH 8 adaptive behaviors may compound over time and improve outcomes long after the original intervention is completed (Miller, Dannals, & Zlatev, 2017).…”

Section: Wis For Youth Academic and Interpersonal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Wise Interventions to Advance the Potency and Reach of Youth Mental Health Services

Schleider

Mullarkey

Chacko

2019

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite progress in research on evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for youth psychopathology, many youths with mental health needs do not receive services, and EBTs are not always effective for those who access them. Wise interventions (WIs) may help address needs for more disseminable, potent youth mental health interventions. WIs are single-component, social-psychological interventions designed to foster adaptive meaning-making. They have improved health-related and interpersonal youth outcomes, yet their potential to reduce youth psychopathology has not been systematically explored. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic, descriptive review characterizing WIs' potential to reduce youth mental health problems. Across 25 RCTs (N=9,219 youths, ages 11-19) testing 13 intervention types, 7 WIs qualified as "Well-Established," "Probably Efficacious," or "Possibly Efficacious" for reducing one or more types of youth psychopathology, relative to controls. Among these, 5 WIs significantly reduced youth depressive symptoms; 3, general psychological distress; and 1 each, eating problems, anxiety, and substance use. Three of these 7 WIs were self-administered by youths, and four by trained interventionists; collectively, they were 30-168 minutes in length and targeted clinic-referred and nonreferred samples in clinical, school, and laboratory settings. Overall, certain WIs show promise in reducing mild to severe youth psychopathology. Given their brevity and low cost relative to traditional (i.e. therapist-delivered, 12-to-16 week, clinic-based) EBTs, WIs may represent beneficial additions to the youth mental healthcare ecosystem. Priorities for future research are proposed, including testing WIs for parents, younger children, and externalizing problems; as EBT adjuncts; and in schools and primary care clinics to increase access to brief, effective supports.

show abstract

“…Only 38 (6.6%) samples in the meta-analysis collected longitudinal outcomes and therefore had the opportunity to examine whether the procedures they investigated produce long-term changes. Short-term changes in implicit measures do not necessarily generalize to longer-term changes (Devine, Forscher, Austin, & Cox, 2012;Forscher et al, 2017;Forscher & Devine, 2014;Lai et al, 2016;Lai, Hoffman, & Nosek, 2013;Miller, Dannals & Zlatev, 2017). This issue is of critical importance given theorizing that automatically retrieved associations are created and sustained by repeated pairings of information in the social environment.…”

Section: Generalizability Of Implicit Measure Changementioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures

Forscher¹,

Lai²,

Axt³

et al. 2016

Preprint

141

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using a novel technique known as network meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 492 studies (87,418 participants) to investigate the effectiveness of procedures in changing implicit measures, which we define as response biases on implicit tasks. We also evaluated these procedures’ effects on explicit and behavioral measures. We found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| < .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population values. Procedures changed explicit measures less consistently and to a smaller degree than implicit measures and generally produced trivial changes in behavior. Finally, changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior. Our findings suggest that changes in implicit measures are possible, but those changes do not necessarily translate into changes in explicit measures or behavior.

show abstract

Behavioral Processes in Long-Lag Intervention Studies

Cited by 37 publications

References 74 publications

Breaking the prejudice habit: Mechanisms, timecourse, and longevity

Breaking the prejudice habit: Mechanisms, timecourse, and longevity

Harnessing Wise Interventions to Advance the Potency and Reach of Youth Mental Health Services

A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About