Behavioral Nudges Increase COVID-19 Vaccinations: Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Dai, Hengchen; Saccardo, Silvia; Han, Maria; Roh, Lily; Raja, Naveen; Vangala, Sitaram; Modi, Hardikkumar; Pandya, Shital; Sloyan, Michael; Croymans, Daniel M.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3817832

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A field RCT (pre-print) found that communicating the personal and collective benefits of vaccination did not increase uptake. In particular, it found that text message booking reminders increased uptake regardless of their message content, including whether it referred to protecting oneself and others or to vaccination offering a fresh start after a tough year [ 16 ]. However, a further field RCT (pre-print) found that text messages communicating the personal or social benefit increased vaccination uptake [ 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

Batteux

Mills²,

Jones³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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Vaccination is vital to protect the public against COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We searched a range of databases (Embase, Medline, Psychology & Behavioral Science, PsycInfo, Web of Science and NIH Preprints Portfolio) from March 2020 to July 2021 for studies which reported primary quantitative or qualitative research on interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Outcome measures included vaccination uptake and reported intention to vaccinate. Reviews, position papers, conference abstracts, protocol papers and papers not in English were excluded. The NHLBI quality assessment was used to assess risk of bias. In total, 39 studies across 33 papers met the inclusion criteria. A total of 28 were assessed as good quality. They included interventions relating to communication content, communication delivery, communication presentation, policy or vaccination delivery, with 7 measuring vaccination uptake and 32 measuring vaccination intention. A narrative synthesis was conducted, which highlighted that there is reasonable evidence from studies investigating real behaviour suggesting that personalising communications and sending booking reminders via text message increases vaccine uptake. Findings on vaccination intention are mixed but suggest that communicating uncertainty about the vaccine does not decrease intention, whereas making vaccination mandatory could have a negative impact. Although much of the research used experimental designs, very few measured real behavioural outcomes. Understanding which interventions are most effective amongst vaccine-hesitant populations and in the context of booster vaccinations will be important as vaccine roll outs continue across the world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

Batteux

Mills²,

Jones³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Simple interventions such as text message reminders to patients eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine can improve uptake by 84%. ( Dai et al, 2021 ) This can help by removing barriers to finding appointments and scheduling, which has been shown to be effective among individuals with substance use disorders but may also be relevant to other populations. ( Motavalli et al, 2021 ) Direct outreach by doctors’ offices may also be effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between psychiatric morbidity and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: An analysis of electronic health records and patient survey

Eyllon

Dang

Barnes

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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Psychiatric illness confers significant risk for severe COVID-19 morbidity and mortality; identifying psychiatric risk factors for vaccine hesitancy is critical to mitigating risk in this population. This study examined the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among those with psychiatric illness and the associations between psychiatric morbidity and vaccine hesitancy. Data came from electronic health records and a patient survey obtained from 14,365 patients at a group medical practice between February and May, 2021. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds for vaccine hesitancy adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and physical comorbidity. Of 14,365 participants 1,761 (12.3%) participants reported vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy was significantly more prevalent among participants with substance use (29.6%), attention deficit and hyperactivity (23.3%), posttraumatic stress (23.1%), bipolar (18.0%), generalized anxiety (16.5%), major depressive (16.1%), other anxiety (15.5%), and tobacco use disorders (18.6%), and those previously infected with COVID-19 (19.8%) compared to participants without these disorders. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and physical comorbidities, substance use disorders and tobacco use were significantly associated with increased odds for vaccine hesitancy and bipolar disorder was significantly inversely associated with vaccine hesitancy. Interventions to improve uptake in these populations may be warranted.

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“…Third, more attention should perhaps be devoted to interventions that are likely to work, such as making sure that those who are in principle willing to be vaccinated actually follow through. One way to achieve that involves the use of reminders (see [30] for a review of earlier literature and [31] for a recent case involving COVID-19 vaccines). Another simple intervention that has been shown to work [32] involves prompting individual patients to write down the date and time of the appointment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persuasive Messages Will Not Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Evidence from a Nationwide Online Experiment

2021

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Although mass vaccination is the best way out of the pandemic, the share of skeptics is substantial in most countries. Social campaigns can emphasize the many arguments that potentially increase acceptance for vaccines: e.g., that they have been developed, tested, and recommended by doctors and scientists; and that they are safe, effective, and in demand. We verified the effectiveness of such messages in an online experiment conducted in February and March 2021 with a sample of almost six thousand adult Poles, which was nationally representative in terms of key demographic variables. We presented respondents with different sets of information about vaccinating against COVID-19. After reading the information bundle, they indicated whether they would be willing to be vaccinated. We also asked them to justify their answers and indicate who or what might change their opinion. Finally, we elicited a number of individual characteristics and opinions. We found that nearly 45% of the respondents were unwilling to be vaccinated, and none of the popular messages we used was effective in reducing this hesitancy. We also observed a number of significant correlates of vaccination attitudes, with men, older, wealthier, and non-religious individuals, those with higher education, and those trusting science rather than COVID-19 conspiracy theories being more willing to be vaccinated. We discuss important consequences for campaigns aimed at reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

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Behavioral Nudges Increase COVID-19 Vaccinations: Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review

Associations between psychiatric morbidity and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: An analysis of electronic health records and patient survey

Persuasive Messages Will Not Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Evidence from a Nationwide Online Experiment

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