Behavior of selected organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and their influence on rhizospheric microorganisms after short-term exposure in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs)

Environmental fate and effects of organophosphate flame retardants in the soil-plant system

“…Furthermore, analysis of the shifts in rhizosphere nitrogen transformation-associated genera after OPFRs treatment suggested OPFRs loading reduced ammonia-oxidizing bacterial levels and inhibited the NH 4 + -N removal. In contrast, the enriched Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere did not ameliorate total nitrogen removal (Liu et al, 2020b). The metabolic responses of plants under OPFRs stress are important to understand their potential risks to terrestrial organisms.…”

A Review on Microorganisms in Constructed Wetlands for Typical Pollutant Removal: Species, Function, and Diversity

“…This will result in a longer start-up period required for stable NH 4 + oxidation, making nitrification a limiting step for nitrogen removal ( Tan et al, 2021a ). In this context, recent studies have highlighted the importance of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria ( Liu et al, 2020b ; Tan et al, 2021a ; Wang et al, 2022 ). These bacteria can be responsible for NH 4 + and NO 3 − transformation in the start-up phase of CWs, converting the nitrogen in the aqueous solution to nitrogen gas for complete denitrification ( Tan et al, 2021a ).…”

“… Zhang et al (2021e) found that Firmicutes , Clostridia , and Acetobacterium were able to tolerate abiotic stresses and thus degrade chlorpyrifos into carbon sources. Liu et al (2020b) demonstrated that Pseudomonas , Duganella , and Sphingobium are resistant to the threat of organophosphate flame retardants [tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and tricresyl phosphate] and have the ability to biodegrade. Ahmad et al (2019) also showed that various genera, such as Flavobacteriaceae , Novosphingobium , and Mycobacterium can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a diverse environment.…”

Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, and Impacts of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

“…The toxicity of HFRs to living organisms has been described in previous reviews. , This review aims to analyze the impacts of HFRs and related transformation products on wastewater sludge microbiomes and the performance of biological wastewater/wastewater sludge treatment. The effects of some HFRs (e.g., TBBPA, PBDEs, and DBDPE) on microbiomes are well documented − and can be categorized based on their effects on (i) the entire microbial community, where exposure to HFRs can alter microbial composition (usually decreasing microbial diversity) and interactions of the microbiome via environmental filtering; ,,− (ii) individual microbial cells, where the integrity and function of cell membrane can be compromised by accumulation of these lipophilic pollutants, which directly affects cell viability; ,,, (iii) enzymatic activity and, therefore, activity of metabolic pathways can be altered by HFRs. , The ultimate effects of HFRs and related transformation products depend on a combination of these effects. Because there are few studies investigating the direct effects of HFRs on biological wastewater treatment systems and sludge anaerobic digesters, this review discusses demonstrated and putative effects of HFRs on biological nitrogen removal (i.e., nitrification, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation) and methanogenesis by integrating the available information from both biological treatment systems ,,,− and other environmental matrices. ,− …”

“…The major processes for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater include nitrification-denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) initiated by distinct functional microorganisms. ,− Generally, HFRs and related transformation products can negatively impact nitrogen removal . Concentration dependent inhibitory effects of deca-BDE (1000–100 000 ng/g dry soil/sediment) on nitrification by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB; that is, Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas ) and archaea (AOA; that is, Nitrosopumilus , Nitrosophaera ) have been consistently reported in sediment and soil microbiomes. − Additionally, deca-BDE and copper exhibit synergic inhibition of nitrification, which is noteworthy as cocontamination of heavy metals and deca-BDE is common in wastewater. , Exposure to TCEP and TCPP were also shown to decrease ammonia removal in a constructed wetland treating wastewater . The observed inhibition of ammonia oxidation was explained by decreased abundance of AOA and AOB and functional genes ( amoA ) expressed by these populations. − Similarly, the anammox process was also inhibited in mangrove soil exposed to deca-BDE (2000–20 000 ng/g dry weight) .…”