Behavior of Glulam Beams Strengthened in bending with BFRP Fabrics

Wdowiak-Postulak, Agnieszka; Świt, Grzegorz

doi:10.2478/ceer-2021-0016

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A commonly used technique to reinforce or repair bent wooden (solid or glued) beams is the introduction of additional elements withing existing structures [ 1 , 2 ]. The additional elements may include bars [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], laminates [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], meshes [ 14 ] or sheets [ 15 ]. These elements may be made of steel [ 16 ] or composites reinforced with carbon [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], glass, basalt and aramid fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of Full-Scale Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams with CFRP Sheets

Bakalarz

Kossakowski

2022

Materials

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This paper presents the results of experimental research on full-size laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams unreinforced and reinforced with CFRP sheets. The nominal dimensions of the tested beams were 45 mm × 200 mm × 3400 mm. The beams were reinforced using the so-called U-type reinforcement in three configurations, differing from each other in the thickness of the reinforcement and the side surface coverage. An epoxy resin adhesive was used to bond all the components together. A four-point static bending test was performed according to the guidelines in the relevant European standards. The effectiveness of the reinforcement increased with the level of coverage of the side surface and the level of reinforcement. The average increases of bending resistance were 42%, 51% and 58% for configurations B, C and D, respectively. The average value of bending stiffness increased for the beams of series B, C and D by 15%, 31% and 43%, respectively. Their failure mode changed from brittle fracture initiated in the tensile zone for unreinforced beams to more ductile fracture, initiated in the compression zone. The influence of the coverage of the side surface by the CFRP sheet and reinforcement ratio on the mechanism of failure and effectiveness of strengthening was studied in the article.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening of Full-Scale Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams with CFRP Sheets

Bakalarz

Kossakowski

2022

Materials

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“…Recently, fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been used in the reinforcement of structural timber [ 18 , 19 ]. Wood reinforcement using FRP and adhesives is an important issue in the design of engineering structures [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Moreover, this bonding is considered to be the best method for stress transfer between FRP material and wood [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Glued Laminated Beams Strengthened by Pre-Stressed Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Bars

2023

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Damage often develops in glued laminated timber members under high bending loads due to natural defects in the timber, which results in their low load-bearing capacity and stiffness. In order to improve the bending mechanical properties of glulam beams, a new type of longitudinal glulam reinforcement with pre-stressed basalt fibre-reinforced polymer composites (BFRP) was developed using the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique. The strengthening method consisted of two pre-stressed BFRP bars glued into the grooves at the bottom side of the beam; meanwhile, for the second strengthening alternative, the third BFRP bar was embedded into the groove at the top side of the beam. Therefore, an experimental study was carried out to verify this strengthening technique, in which fifteen full-size timber beams were tested with and without bonded BFRP bar reinforcement in three series. According to the results of this experimental study, it can be seen that the effective load-bearing capacity of the reinforced beams increased up to 36% and that the stiffness of the beams increased by 23% compared to the unreinforced beams. The tensile stresses in the wooden fibres were reduced by 11.32% and 25.42% on average for the beams reinforced with two and three BFRP bars, respectively. On the other hand, the compressive stresses were reduced by 16.53% and 32.10% compared to the unreinforced beams. The usual failure mode saw the cracking of the wood fibres at the defects, while for some specimens, there were also signs of cracks in the epoxy adhesive bond; however, the crack propagation was, overall, significantly reduced. The numerical calculations also show a good correlation with the experimental results. The difference in the results between the experimental and numerical analysis of the reinforced and unreinforced full-sized beams ranged between 3.63% and 11.45%.

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“…In 2021, Gallego et al [26] also reinforced LVL panels with carbon and basalt fibers to improve their bending properties, but in this case, the reinforcement fibers were placed between the last and the penultimate veneer of each side of the board. In 2021, Wdowiak-Postulak and Swit [27,28] studied the reinforcement of pine beams made from glued laminated timber with subsurface basalt fibers and basalt fiber reinforcement of bent heterogeneous glued laminated beams. In 2018, carbon fiber-reinforced LVL beams were tested to improve their bending properties by Globa et al [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber

Núñez-Decap,

Sandoval-Valderrama,

Opazo-Carlsson

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Climate change is one of the main factors influencing the research of environmentally friendly materials. This is why the use of engineering fibers as a reinforcement technique in wood, in order to increase its mechanical properties, has recently been investigated. This research presents the results obtained from the use of carbon and basalt fiber fabrics as a reinforcement for microlaminated Radiata Pine wood panels at a laboratory scale using the adhesives epoxy resin and polyvinyl acetate. Tests were carried out in comparison to the control boards, relating the physical properties obtained in terms of thickness swelling by 48 h-water immersion with a decrease of 19% for the polyvinyl acetate and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement, about the mechanical properties evaluated, a better performance was obtained for the epoxy resin and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement and in terms of flexural stiffness and strength (in flatwise), tensile strength and Janka hardness, with an increment of 31%, 38%, 56% and 41%, respectively.

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Behavior of Glulam Beams Strengthened in bending with BFRP Fabrics

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Strengthening of Full-Scale Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams with CFRP Sheets

Strengthening of Full-Scale Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams with CFRP Sheets

An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Glued Laminated Beams Strengthened by Pre-Stressed Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Bars

Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber

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