Strengthening of Full-Scale Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams with CFRP Sheets

Bakalarz, Michał; Kossakowski, P.

doi:10.3390/ma15196526

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, the flatwise position tested samples did not reach higher values than the edgewise position in MOE results. The bending test load-deflection curves of the flatwise and edgewise positions samples demonstrated that the FRP-LVL panels exhibited increased maximum load and maximum deflection when compared to the LVL panels (Figures 6 and 7); these results are consistent with the results of the authors Bakalarz and Kossakowski [54] who also obtained higher maximum load and deflection values for FRP-LVL compared to the control LVL.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties 331 Strength and Stiffness Bending Pro...supporting

confidence: 88%

Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber

Núñez-Decap,

Sandoval-Valderrama,

Opazo-Carlsson

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Climate change is one of the main factors influencing the research of environmentally friendly materials. This is why the use of engineering fibers as a reinforcement technique in wood, in order to increase its mechanical properties, has recently been investigated. This research presents the results obtained from the use of carbon and basalt fiber fabrics as a reinforcement for microlaminated Radiata Pine wood panels at a laboratory scale using the adhesives epoxy resin and polyvinyl acetate. Tests were carried out in comparison to the control boards, relating the physical properties obtained in terms of thickness swelling by 48 h-water immersion with a decrease of 19% for the polyvinyl acetate and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement, about the mechanical properties evaluated, a better performance was obtained for the epoxy resin and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement and in terms of flexural stiffness and strength (in flatwise), tensile strength and Janka hardness, with an increment of 31%, 38%, 56% and 41%, respectively.

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Section: Mechanical Properties 331 Strength and Stiffness Bending Pro...supporting

confidence: 88%

Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber

Núñez-Decap,

Sandoval-Valderrama,

Opazo-Carlsson

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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show abstract

“…z o.o. from Malbork, Poland) that was tested by the authors for strengthening timber structures in past experiments [ 14 , 15 ]; it is proven to be a reliable solution. The size of the tested specimens (LVL) was assumed taking into account the economic reasons and preliminary character of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In civil engineering, a common way to rehabilitate, strengthen, and optimize a new and existing structure is by adding an additional element. These additional elements can be made of steel [ 12 ], aluminum, or composite materials such as composites reinforced with aramid, glass [ 13 ], basalt, and carbon fibers [ 14 , 15 ]. The reinforcement can be positioned symmetrically or asymmetrically in the tensile or/and in the compression zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical, Theoretical, and Experimental Analysis of LVL-CFRP Sandwich Structure

Bakalarz,

Kossakowski

2023

Materials

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Optimization of structural elements via composition of different components is a significant scientific and practical point-of-view problem aimed at obtaining more economical and environmentally friendly solutions. This paper presents the results of a static work analysis of small-size laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams reinforced by a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheet. The nominal dimensions of LVL beams were 45 × 45 × 850 mm, and 0.333- and 0.666-mm thick reinforcement layers were used. The reinforcement was applied on opposite sides of the cross section obtaining a sandwich-type structure. An epoxy resin was used as a bonding layer. The bending tests were conducted in the so-called four-point bending static scheme in edgewise and flatwise conditions. The results of experimental tests confirmed the validity of this combination of materials. The highest load-bearing capacity was obtained for configuration, where CFRP sheets with a thickness of 0.666 mm were placed on the sides of the core, parallel to the direction of loading and the veneer’s grain in the core. The increase in this case was up to a maximum of 57% compared to the core alone. The highest bending stiffness increase, 182% compared to the core alone, involves placing two layers of sheets perpendicular to the direction of loading, i.e., on the upper and lower surfaces. The presented novel sandwich structure can be competitive against traditional steel and reinforced concrete elements in civil engineering and can be utilized as beams or slabs.

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“…Each series consists of five beams. The beam testing procedure is presented in detail in [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies described above were focused on the analysis of solid and glue laminated timber beams strengthened with composite and steel materials. A limited number of works were devoted to the strengthening of laminated veneer lumber beams with composite materials [ 6 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to create a comprehensive study that includes analysis of the strain, stiffness and ductility of full-scale laminated veneer lumber LVL beams strengthened with CFRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Digital Image Correlation to Evaluate Strain, Stiffness and Ductility of Full-Scale LVL Beams Strengthened by CFRP

Bakalarz

Tworzewski

2023

Materials

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Due to limitations of traditional measuring methods, a necessity of verification of applicability of optical measuring systems in different fields of science is required. The paper presents the application of a non-contact, non-destructive ARAMIS optical system in the analysis of static work of unstrengthened and strengthened laminated veneer lumber beams (LVL) with composite materials, subjected to a four-point bending test. The beams were strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets and laminates. The sheets were bonded to the external surfaces in three configurations differing in the number of layers applied and the degree of coverage of the side surface. The CFRP laminates were glued into predrilled grooves and applied to the underside of the beams. An adhesive based on epoxy resin was used. The scope of the work includes analysis of the strain distribution, stiffness and ductility. The analysis was performed on the basis of measurements made with an optical measurement system. The strain analysis indicated a change of the distribution of the strain in the compressive zone from linear for the unstrengthened to bilinear for the strengthened beams. The stiffness increase was equal from 14% up to 45% for the application of the CFRP laminates in the grooves and CFRP sheets bonded externally, respectively. Similar improvement was obtained for the ductility.

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Strengthening of Full-Scale Laminated Veneer Lumber Beams with CFRP Sheets

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber

Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber

Numerical, Theoretical, and Experimental Analysis of LVL-CFRP Sandwich Structure

Application of Digital Image Correlation to Evaluate Strain, Stiffness and Ductility of Full-Scale LVL Beams Strengthened by CFRP

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