Bearded sakis in south-eastern Amazonia—back from the brink?

Abstract

The endemic bearded sakis Chiropotes satanas Satanas and Chiropotes satanas utahicki of south-eastern Amazonia are among the most threatened of this region's primates because of a combination of deforestation and hunting, and their apparent intolerance of habitat disturbance. Recent surveys at eight sites confirm that sakis are locally extinct in some areas where intense habitat fragmentation is exacerbated by hunting pressure, but also show that, in the absence of hunting, they can be relatively abundant in isolated forest fragments. Density was unexpectedly low in one protected area, however, which implies that caution is necessary for the planning of long-term conservation strategies. Well-protected forest fragments of reasonable size ( > 5000 ha) appear to have good potential for the protection of bearded saki populations. While many of the region's major landowners may thus make a significant contribution to the management of saki populations, land conflicts are a potentially serious problem for the long-term conservation of not just these primates, but the region's fauna and flora as a whole.

Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances migration of astroglial cells in subventricular zone neurosphere cultures

“…Previous studies of bearded saki populations have suggested a high degree of variability in group cohesiveness across study sites (Mittermeier and van Roosmalen, 1981; Ayres, 1989; Norconk and Kinzey, 1994; Ferrari and Lopes, 1996; Ferrari et al, 1999; Peetz, 2001; Veiga, 2006; Boyle, 2008; Pinto, 2008; Silva and Ferrari, 2009; Gregory, 2011). In this study, I sought to better quantify bearded saki cohesiveness and how it relates to resource availability and distribution.…”

“…Like the other members of the tribe Pitheciini, bearded sakis are seed predators, with seeds making up over 50% of feeding time in almost all studies (Kinzey and Norconk, 1993; Norconk, 1996, 2011; Shaffer, 2012). Chiropotes lives in large, multimale‐multifemale groups that exhibit considerable variability in cohesiveness across studies (Mittermeier and van Roosmalen, 1981; Ayers, 1989; Frazao, 1992; Norconk and Kinzey, 1994; Ferrari and Lopes, 1996; Ferrari et al, 1999; Peetz, 2001; Veiga et al, 2006; Boyle, 2008; Pinto, 2008; Silva and Ferrari, 2009; Gregory, 2011). Some researchers have suggested bearded sakis travel in a relatively cohesive manner but fission upon entering food patches (Norconk and Kinzey, 1994), while others have reported a more regular pattern of subgrouping, with subgroups foraging independently of each other and maintaining their integrity for several days at a time (Fazao, 1992; Veiga et al, 2006).…”

Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

“…Callicebus , Chiropotes , and Pithecia can reside in forest fragments that are fractions of the size of the species' typical home range in continuous forest [Boyle et al, 2009, 2012; Boyle and Smith, ; DeLuycker, 2006, 2012, 2014; Kinzey and Becker, ; Setz, ; Setz and Gaspar, ; Setz et al, ; Silva and Ferrari, ; Veiga, ; Wagner et al, ]. Ferrari et al [] provided a relatively positive assessment of the ability of Chiropotes to live in forest fragments; however, the monkeys were locally extinct from a 200‐ha fragment, as well as the surrounding area (given the small size of the other fragments), and the “successful” fragments were relatively large (≥7500 ha). Although Callicebus , Chiropotes , and Pithecia have been documented in small (≤20 ha) habitat fragments, and some species have been noted to be tolerant of habitat fragmentation (e.g.…”

Where Have All the Titis Gone? The Heterogeneous Distribution ofCallicebus molochin Eastern Amazonia, and Its Implications for the Conservation of Amazonian Primates

“…To begin with, the species is apparently absent from two of the sites (1 and 3) with the best potential for the long-term conservation of the region's primates (Ferrari et al 1999).…”