Where Have All the Titis Gone? The Heterogeneous Distribution of<i>Callicebus moloch</i>in Eastern Amazonia, and Its Implications for the Conservation of Amazonian Primates

Ferrari, Stephen F.; Bobadilla, Urbano L.; Emidio-Silva, Claudio

doi:10.1896/052.022.0103

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This may be exacerbated by habitat fragmentation, both historically and particularly in the context of recent human colonization. Within the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium (a region that includes the present study site), C. moloch appears to be naturally absent from major tracts of continuous forest (Ferrari et al 2007). Ferrari et al (2003) also noted an inverse pattern in the relative distribution and abundance of C. moloch and M. argentatus in forests west of the Xingu River.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…By contrast, Gonçalves et al (2008) have recorded a mean heterozygosity of only 26% for the silvery marmoset (Mico argentatus) from a fragmented landscape in central Amazonia, including a value of only 17% for a population inhabiting continuous forest, for a number of loci (3) and sample size (20 individuals) similar to the present study. Ecologically, C. moloch is probably more similar to M. argentatus than A. belzebul, and there is evidence (Ferrari and Lopes 1996;Ferrari et al 2003Ferrari et al , 2007Gonçalves et al 2008) that both species are distributed patchily in continuous forest, resulting in the relative isolation of local demes within the general population of the species. This may be exacerbated by habitat fragmentation, both historically and particularly in the context of recent human colonization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferrari et al (2003) also noted an inverse pattern in the relative distribution and abundance of C. moloch and M. argentatus in forests west of the Xingu River. Coincidentally, M. argentatus is absent from Tucuruí, but present in the 330,000 hectares of the Caxiuanã National Forest, perhaps the most significant lacuna in the local distribution of C. moloch (Ferrari et al 2007). Both species are relatively tolerant of habitat fragmentation, however, and are often found in isolated forests, with limited potential for dispersal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity of Red-Bellied Titis (Callicebus moloch) from Eastern Amazonia Based on Microsatellite Markers

et al. 2009

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The titi monkeys (Callicebus spp.) are a large, diverse genus of platyrrhines, widely distributed in tropical South America. The genetic variability of these monkeys is still relatively poorly known, especially at the population level. In the present study, four heterologous microsatellite markers were used to investigate genetic diversity in 23 individuals from a wild population of red-bellied titis (Callicebus moloch) in eastern Amazonia. An unexpectedly low level of diversity was found. The average number of alleles was 8.75 (range: 5-15), and the average heterozygosity was 0.33 (range: 0.09-0.65). This preliminary information suggests a reduction of the potential for long-term survival of the population and indicates the putative necessity of implementation of a species conservation program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity of Red-Bellied Titis (Callicebus moloch) from Eastern Amazonia Based on Microsatellite Markers

et al. 2009

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“…Such information is scant for most Amazonian platyrrhines, however, and recent studies have revealed considerable variation in the distribution of many species (Ferrari 2004), with potentially serious implications for their conservation (Ferrari et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the limits are now better defined, the distribution of A. marginatus within these extremes is still poorly known (see Martins et al 1988;Nunes 1995;Ferrari et al 2003), and it would seem premature to assume that it is homogeneous (Ferrari et al 2007). In addition to natural variation, two major highways constructed during the 1970s-the Trans-Amazon and the (Table 1), protected areas (hatched), and the two main highways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution and population characteristics of the endangered white-fronted spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) on the lower Tapajós River in central Brazilian Amazonia

Ravetta

Ferrari

2009

Primates

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The white-fronted spider monkey, Ateles marginatus, is endemic to Brazilian Amazon between the Tapajós and Xingu Rivers, and is classified as endangered due primarily to habitat loss. This study presents data on the distribution and relative abundance of the species in the northwestern corner of its distribution, on the lower Tapajós River, centered on the 545,000 ha Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós). Quantitative data were collected in line transect surveys at 14 sites, and confirmatory interviews were conducted at these, and a further four sites. The results indicate that A. marginatus is extinct or extremely rare at sites in the northern extreme of the study area, but is relatively widespread further south, except in very small fragments (<100 ha). While the present-day occurrence of A. marginatus is clearly affected by habitat fragmentation, the species' original distribution appears to have been characterized by local lacunas, determined by factors relating to habitat quality. While hunting pressure does not seem to be a major threat at the present time, competition with a second atelid, Alouatta discolor, may have reinforced the effects of habitat disturbance in some areas, especially smaller fragments. Grouping patterns were typical of the genus, including an apparent female bias in the sex ratio of adults. Overall, the results indicate an ongoing decline in the occurrence of A. marginatus within the study area, local extinction, especially in smaller fragments, and an urgent need for the establishment of effective conservation measures.

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Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

Boyle

2014

American J Primatol

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Pitheciids (Cacajao, Callicebus, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) have experienced habitat loss and fragmentation across their geographic range in South America. Some populations living in habitat fragments live in smaller groups, travel shorter distances, and consume items that are not regularly found in the diets of populations living in continuous habitat; however, these patterns are not consistent across species. I used the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to delineate the geographic range and conservation status of 43 pitheciid species. I calculated the amount of modified land cover within the range of each species, as well as the extent to which the remaining habitat exists in small fragments and the amount of forest lost from 2000 to 2012. Mean forest fragment size ranged from 12 to 12,027 ha, and mean forest loss from 2000 to 2012 ranged from 10.7% for Chiropotes to 0.9% for Pithecia. Critically Endangered and Endangered species represented 20.9% of the pitheciid species, and 46.5% of these species had population trends documented as decreasing. Total modified land cover was greatest for Callicebus species (18.0% of geographic range), followed by Chiropotes (13.8%), Pithecia (4.4%), and Cacajao (1.1%). Species of greater conservation concern had smaller geographic ranges, and a greater percentage of their range consisting of modified land cover than species of lower conservation concern. Species of greater conservation concern also had a greater percentage of forest lost from 2000 to 2012 and a smaller percentage of the remaining forest being protected. Most studies of pitheciids in fragments have concentrated on census data; the behavior of pitheciids in fragments has been examined for only 9 of the 43 species. Increased data on the responses of pitheciid species to forest loss and fragmentation are necessary in order to address pitheciid conservation, especially in areas undergoing severe habitat loss.

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Where Have All the Titis Gone? The Heterogeneous Distribution ofCallicebus molochin Eastern Amazonia, and Its Implications for the Conservation of Amazonian Primates

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Genetic Diversity of Red-Bellied Titis (Callicebus moloch) from Eastern Amazonia Based on Microsatellite Markers

Genetic Diversity of Red-Bellied Titis (Callicebus moloch) from Eastern Amazonia Based on Microsatellite Markers

Geographic distribution and population characteristics of the endangered white-fronted spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) on the lower Tapajós River in central Brazilian Amazonia

Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

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