Beard dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine use in Arabic men

Hsu, Te‐Shao; Davis, Mark D.P.; el-Azhary, Rokea A.; Corbett, John F.; Gibson, Lawrence E.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.113444

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…PPD was predicted to be a strong/moderate allergen with the help of the TOPS‐MODE QSAR model (13). This is in accordance with clinical experience (1,3–9,30–49), results from the LLNA (22–24,50–57) and predictive testing in both humans (58) and guinea pigs (51). 80 tons of PPD is used annually and it is allowed at up to 6% in hair dyes (12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency: quantitative structure–activity relationships

et al. 2004

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Allergic contact dermatitis following the use of hair dyes is well known. Many chemicals are used in hair dyes and it is unlikely that all cases of hair dye allergy can be diagnosed by means of patch testing with p-phenylenediamine (PPD). The objectives of this study are to identify all hair dye substances registered in Europe and to provide their tonnage data. The sensitization potential of each substance was then estimated by using a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the substances were ranked according to their predicted potency. A cluster analysis was performed in order to help select a number of chemically diverse hair dye substances that could be used in subsequent clinical work. Various information sources, including the Inventory of Cosmetics Ingredients, new regulations on cosmetics, data on total use and ChemId (the Chemical Search Input website provided by the National Library of Medicine), were used in order to identify the names and structures of the hair dyes. A QSAR model, developed with the help of experimental local lymph node assay data and topological sub-structural molecular descriptors (TOPS-MODE), was used in order to predict the likely sensitization potential. Predictions for sensitization potential were made for the 229 substances that could be identified by means of a chemical structure, the majority of these hair dyes (75%) being predicted to be strong/moderate sensitizers. Only 22% were predicted to be weak sensitizers and 3% were predicted to be extremely weak or non-sensitizing. Eight of the most widely used hair dye substances were predicted to be strong/moderate sensitizers, including PPD - which is the most commonly used hair dye allergy marker in patch testing. A cluster analysis by using TOPS-MODE descriptors as inputs helped us group the hair dye substances according to their chemical similarity. This would facilitate the selection of potential substances for clinical patch testing. A patch-test series with potent, frequently used, substances representing various chemical clusters is suggested. This may prove useful in diagnosing PPD-negative patients with symptoms of hair dye allergy and would provide some clinical validation of the QSAR predictions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency: quantitative structure–activity relationships

et al. 2004

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“…3 mechanisms have been postulated, photoleukomelanoderma due to pigment blockade, reduction of melanin synthesis, selective destruction of melanocytes (4), as well as Koebner‐induced vitiligo. Contact leukoderma due to PPD has previously been described, the mechanism being unknown (8–13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythema‐multiforme‐like eruption and depigmentation following allergic contact dermatitis from a paint‐on henna tattoo, due to para‐phenylenediamine contact hypersensitivity

Jappe

Hausen²,

Petzoldt

2001

Contact Dermatitis

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“…The classical target populations for this allergen are hairdressers and women (and to a less extend men) who dye their hair (7, 8). Another group of patients also at risk are Arabic men who dye their beards (9). Recently, the increasing number of cases of contact allergy to Henna tattoos adulterated with PPD, affecting also children, has also shed light to this allergen (10–14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Contact allergy to para‐phenylenediamine in a permanent eyelash dye

et al. 2006

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We present the case of a 30-year-old atopic lady with a known history of intolerance to several materials, including dark stockings, who developed a severe dermatitis on the eyelids and peri-orbital regions, as well as a conjunctivitis after having her eyelashes tinted by a beautician with a permanent black eyelash and eyebrow dye (Combinal, Dr Temt Laboratories, Austria). Patch tests revealed positive reactions to para-phenylenediamine (PPD), both diluted 0.01% and 1% in pet., to the eyelash dye (tested semiopen as is) and to some of the azo-dyes tested. The permanent eyelash dye did contain PPD, the use of which is illegal but seems to be a common practice. The patient had most probably been sensitized through nylon stockings containing azo-dyes, with PPD itself cross-reacting to them. With the growth in popularity of tattooing and permanent make-up, doctors should be aware of the new uses of this old allergen. Moreover, although many manufacturers have made great efforts to improve cosmetics concerning their safety, some of them remain uninformed about cosmetic legislation or do not respect it at all. Because many of these products are acquired via internet, lack of legislation about this shopping modality is also a serious problem.

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Beard dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine use in Arabic men

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency: quantitative structure–activity relationships

Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency: quantitative structure–activity relationships

Erythema‐multiforme‐like eruption and depigmentation following allergic contact dermatitis from a paint‐on henna tattoo, due to para‐phenylenediamine contact hypersensitivity

Contact allergy to para‐phenylenediamine in a permanent eyelash dye

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