Bazex Syndrome (Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica) An Analytic Review

Bazex Syndrome (Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica) Diagnosed in a Patient with Oral Persistent Ulcerations

“…Both cases are included in an analytic review conducted by Bolognia et al [1]. The presence of mucosal lesions associated with skin changes in the current case may be supported by previously published cases that reported the co-existence of two paraneoplastic disorders, e.g., Bazex syndrome associated with paraneoplastic pemphigoid or paraneoplastic pemphigus [1,2].…”

“…Additionally, skin biopsies generally provide a mixture of findings that may be found in several more common disorders (hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, mononuclear perivascular infiltrate, dyskeratotic keratinocytes and vacuolar degeneration of keratinocytes), which increase the chances to confuse it with diseases that may be similar both clinically and microscopically such as psoriasis and less frequently, lichen planus [1].…”

“…Both cases are included in an analytic review conducted by Bolognia et al [1]. The presence of mucosal lesions associated with skin changes in the current case may be supported by previously published cases that reported the co-existence of two paraneoplastic disorders, e.g., Bazex syndrome associated with paraneoplastic pemphigoid or paraneoplastic pemphigus [1,2]. In a similar way, Gill et al [2] provided various explanations for the vesicles and bullae that may appear simultaneously to Bazex syndrome, including coexisting porphyria cutanea tarda, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, bullous pemphigoid, bullous lichen planus or paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with the typical skin changes.…”

“…The main features of this paraneoplasia is the presence of symmetrical papulosquamous eruptions (psoriasiform cutaneous eruptions), nail dystrophy and skin scaling usually localized in the body extremities (acral distribution) which may affect ears, nose, cheeks, hands, feet, fingers, toes, elbows and knees [1]. Less frequently, skin bullae and vesicles as well as mucosa alterations can occur concomitantly to the more typical cutaneous lesions [1,2].…”

“…Likewise, regional or distant metastasis of head and neck SCC are often present. Although rare, association with other malignant tumours has been reported, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, metastatic thymic carcinoma, ductal carcinoma of the breast, adenocarcinomas of the colon and prostate, liposarcomas, Hodgkin's disease, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, metastatic neuroendocrine tumour, bronchial carcinoid tumour and tumours of the liver, stomach, thymus, uterus, vulva, genitourinary tract and bone marrow [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”