Battery Dimensioning and Life Cycle Costs Analysis for a Heavy-Duty Truck Considering the Requirements of Long-Haul Transportation

Mareev, Ivan; Becker, Jan; Sauer, Dirk Uwe

doi:10.3390/en11010055

Cited by 93 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As many other studies, they also concluded that the main energy source for vehicular application and transportation is based on fossil fuels in the foreseeable future [18]. There is growing interest towards full electrification of vehicles and recently more studies have been carried out for understanding better the cost structure of electric powertrains in heavy vehicles [19,20]. Based on these studies, the charging infrastructure has an important influence on the vehicle operating performance and lifecycle costs.…”

Section: Technology Assessment Of Alternative Powertrainsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Electrical components can be large, especially when considering heavy-duty Besides higher development costs, there are some technical weaknesses related to electric powertrains. Electrical components can be large, especially when considering heavy-duty applications [20]. For example, a traction motor typically requires an inverter that also takes quite a lot of space in relation to the motor.…”

Section: Electric and Hybrid Powertrainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Powertrain Electrification and Future Scenarios for Non-Road Mobile Machinery

et al. 2018

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Powertrain electrification continues to be a growing trend in vehicular applications. Electric powertrains have numerous advantages over traditional mechanical and hydraulic powertrains but there are still important challenges to overcome for long-term commercial success. This research presents a technological assessment of present and future developments of powertrain electrification in non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). The challenges and opportunities of NRMM electrification are described in detail. The trends and drivers related to technological development such as regulations, policies and market development are analyzed, and technology enablers are highlighted. Future scenarios are formulated based on the prevailing trends and drivers, development of key components, scientific literature and status of the non-road mobile machinery industry. Some recommendations are also given in relation to the development of hybrid and electric powertrains for NRMM. The key findings of this research indicate that the electrification of NRMM is slowly started and the progress is demonstrated by hybridization of some specific, successful mobile machines. In short-term, high component and technology development costs remain the main barrier for higher adoption of electric and hybrid powertrains. In the long-term scenario, many NRMM can operate autonomously and powertrain electrification has become mainstream technology.

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Section: Technology Assessment Of Alternative Powertrainsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Electric and Hybrid Powertrainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Powertrain Electrification and Future Scenarios for Non-Road Mobile Machinery

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Since 80% of all trips are shorter than 600 km (Fries, ), the indicated range of the Tesla Semi is 800 km is sufficient for most of the daily trips of a European long‐haul truck. A 150 kW charging system is able to charge the battery in less than 9 h and, thus, completely during the driver's daily rest periods (Mareev, Becker, & Sauer, ). An average utilization of the charging system of 8 h per day (Gnann et al., ) and 240 working days per year is assumed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technoecological analysis of energy carriers for long‐haul transportation

Wolff

Fries

Lienkamp

2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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Long‐haul transportation demand is predicted to increase in the future, resulting in higher carbon dioxide emissions. Different drivetrain technologies, such as hybrid or battery electric vehicles, electrified roads, liquefied natural gas and hydrogen, might offer solutions to this problem. To assess their ecological and economic impact, these concepts were simulated including a weight and cost model to estimate the total cost of ownership. An evolutionary algorithm optimizes each vehicle to find a concept specific optimal solution. A model calculates the minimum investment in infrastructure required to meet the energy demand for each concept. A well‐to‐wheel analysis takes into account upstream and on‐road carbon dioxide emissions, to compare fully electric vehicles with conventional combustion engines. Investment in new infrastructure is the biggest drawback of electrified road concepts, although they offer low CO2 emissions. The diesel hybrid is the best compromise between carbon reduction and costs.

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“…The necessary drive power is determined using the driving resistance model, which is based on following equations [30,31,21]:…”

Section: Driving Resistance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrification of Waste Collection Vehicles: Technoeconomic Analysis Based on an Energy Demand Simulation Using Real-Life Operational Data

Schmid

Taube

Rieck

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Waste transport plays an important role in the decarbonization of the transport sector. In this paper diesel-powered (dWCV) and electric waste collections vehicles (eWCV) and their operation are analysed regarding energy demand and total cost of ownership (TCO) integrating Well-to-Wheel emission costs. Further, an open-source simulation tool with a route synthetization approach is presented using extensive real-life operational data of five different route types. Determined WCV energy demand varies greatly between vehicle topologies and analysed route types. eWCV show a mean distance-specific energy demand of 1.85 kWh•km-1 , while values for dWCV increase to 5.43 kWh•km-1 respectively. The factors route distance and number of waste containers collected show the highest influence on results. Therefore, battery capacity should be sized according to specific route types. eWCV show higher TCO than dWCV under current economic constraints but fuel price level and annual vehicle mileage show a high influence on economic feasibility. Taking the planned emissions price mechanism of the German Government into account, economic scenarios could be identified, which make eWCV advantageous yet in 2021. In technical terms, there is nothing to stop for the electrification of WCV, and with suitable political instruments eWCV could become profitable in the short-term.

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Battery Dimensioning and Life Cycle Costs Analysis for a Heavy-Duty Truck Considering the Requirements of Long-Haul Transportation

Cited by 93 publications

References 12 publications

Overview of Powertrain Electrification and Future Scenarios for Non-Road Mobile Machinery

Overview of Powertrain Electrification and Future Scenarios for Non-Road Mobile Machinery

Technoecological analysis of energy carriers for long‐haul transportation

Electrification of Waste Collection Vehicles: Technoeconomic Analysis Based on an Energy Demand Simulation Using Real-Life Operational Data

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